2. INTRODUCTION
1G TECHNOLOGY
2G TECHNOLOGY
MODELS OF 1G & 2G
2.5 TECHNOLOGY
3G TECHNOLOGY
4G TECHNOLOGY
3G vs. 4G
WIRELESS MOBILES OF 3G & 4G
ESTIMATION OF GLOBAL WIRELESS SUBSCRIBER GROWTH
3. WHAT IS WIRELESS ?
The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” .
In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to
describe any computer network where there is no physical
wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the
network is connected by radio waves and or microwaves to
maintain communications.
4.
5.
6. The First generation of wireless telecommunication
technology is known as 1G was introduced in 1980’s in
Japan.
Features:-
Using Analog signals
Listen to handset
Frequency is 150MHz & above
7. Poor voice quality
Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security
Frequent call drops
Limited capacity and poor handoff
8. 2G phones using global system for mobile communications
(GSM) were first used in the early 1990’s in Europe. GSM
provides voice and limited data services and uses digital
modulation for improved audio quality. Digital AMPS ,
CDMA were some of the 2G systems.
•SMS
•Fax
• 2 Dimensional
9. The GSM is a circuit switched , connection oriented
technology, where the end systems are dedicated for the entire
call session.
This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and
resources.The GSM enabled systems do not support high data
rates. They are unable to handle complex data such as video.
Reduce range of sound.
Weaker digital signal.
11. An interim stage that is taken between 2G and
3G that is 2.5G
Features includes:-
o Phone calls/ Fax
o Voice mail
o Send/Receive e-mail messages
o web browsing
o camera phones
o speed: 64-144 kb/sec
o Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min
12. To meet the growing demand in network
capacity, rates required for high speed data
transfer and multimedia applications, 3G
standards started evolving.
It is based on the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of
standards.
3G technologies enable network operators to
offer users a wider range of more advanced
services.
Services include wide-area wireless voice
telephony, video-calls and broadband wireless
data , all in a mobile environment.
The data are sent through the technology
called Packet switching.
13. Phone calls/ fax
Global roaming
Send/receive large email messages
High speed web
Navigation / maps
Video conferencing
TV streaming
Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec
Time to download a 3 min MP3 song:
11 sec-1.5 min
14. Music is an important mobile
content category.
Mobiles can’t compete with Ipods
etc.
True mobility immediate & direct
access to downloadable music,with
no cables or PC.
15. Not simply rebroadcast of TV or
website.
Enhanced existing service for mobile
environment.
Multi-faceted – 24*7 access to multiple
live streams , video , image & text
content , messaging.
User interaction on multiple levels.
Fully integrated in browser – one click
access.
16. New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding
in existing systems.
More bandwidth , security & reliability.
High data rates.
Rich multimedia services.
17. Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.
Numerous differences in the licensing terms.
It is a challenge to build the necessary
infrastructure for 3G
Expense of 3G phones .
Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G
wireless services.
18.
19. Features:-
Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
Lower cost than previous generations.
Multi-standard wireless system
- Bluetooth , Wifi
Coverage of wide area.
Wide Variety of services capability.
Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.
OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple access)
and MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA
spread spectrum radio technology.
20. Video streaming , TV broadcast
Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports
Enhanced gaming , chat , location services…
High speed Tele-working / VPN access
Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information demonstration
21. High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any
technology.
Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.
Higher bandwidth
Tight network security.
The equipment required to implement a next generation
network is still very expensive.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.
22. Except for the Scandinavian Countries (Northern Europe that includes
Denmark and two of the nations of Scandinavian , Norway and
Sweden. ), a few countries have started the 4G commercially.
In the US, Sprint Nextel and Others Germany , Spain, China , Japan
and England are also using the 4G services and mobiles .
23. Specifications 3G 4G
Frequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz
Band width 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz
Data rate upto 2 Mbps 20 Mbps or more
Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet
Top speeds 200kmph 200kmph
Short for Code-Division Multiple Access
CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile
LTE, an abbreviation for Long-Term Evolution, commonly marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones
It was introduce in 1980.
AMPS- Advanced mobile phone system
CDMA- Code-Division Multiple Access
In digital modulation, an analog carrier signal is modulated by a discrete signal.
Circuit switching is a methodology of implementing a telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel(circuit) through the network before the nodes may communicate
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a mobile communication standard that allows mobile phone,computers and other portable electronic devices to accesss the network wirelesly.
Edge – exchange data rate for GSM evaluation
Multi-faceted= having many phases or abilities
Radio spectrum refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to radio frequencies.
Infrastructure is basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society.
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VPN : Virtual private network
abbreviated SFA, sales force automation is a technique of using software to automate the business tasks of sales, including order processing, contact management, information sharing, inventory monitoring and control, order tracking, customer management, sales forecast analysis and employee performance evaluation.
