Various sources, causes and effect of pollution on human health is explained in the slides. Major pollution like air, water and noise pollution is explained in detail.

1. GYANESHWAR JHA
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POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH

2.  The human population depends on the Earth at several different levels
 Hydrosphere
Example: water
 Atmosphere
Example: air
 Lithosphere
Example: soil
 Biosphere
Example: living world
INTRODUCTION
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3. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause adverse change.
POLLUTANT
Pollutants are substances which causes pollution.
Any solid, liquid or gases substance present in such
concentration as may be or tend to be injurious to
environment.
POLLUTION
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4. Two concepts deals with the environment's capability to
"support" an agent.
 Contamination supported by the environment without
stopping the general chemical cycles and life cycles.
 Pollution producing damage in the environment damage the
entire ecosystem.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION
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5. Pollution can be classified according to the medium which is
contaminated or where the contamination occurs
1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Soil pollution
TYPES OF POLLUTION
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6. BASED ON SOURCE OF POLLUTION
1. Automobile pollution
2. Agricultural pollution
3. Industrial pollution
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7. BASED ON KIND OF POLLUTANT
1. Noise pollution
2. Pesticide pollution
3. Plastic pollution
4. Heavy metal pollution
5. Radiation pollution
6. Oil pollution
7. Sewage pollution
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8. 1. Non degradable pollutants:-There are the poisonous
substances like aluminum cans, DDT, mercuric salts, glasses
etc. that either do not degrade or degrade very slowly in
nature.
2. Degradable pollutants:- These are domestic waste that can
be rapidly decomposed under natural conditions.
BASIC TWO TYPES OF POLLUTANTS
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9.  Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other
harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to
humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or
built environment
AIR POLLUTION
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10.  Natural
Example: forest fires, Volcanic eruptions
 Human Activities
Example: combustion of fossil fuels as energy
Major sources of air pollution remain industrial processes and motor
vehicles.
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
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11. 1. Emissions from industries and manufacturing activities
2. Burning Fossil Fuels
3. Household and Farming Chemicals
4. Mining operations
5. Exhaust from automobiles
6. Radioactive Fallout
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
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12. Carbon compounds
Sulphur compounds
Nitrogen oxides
Ozone
Fluorocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Heavy metals
Photochemical products
AIR POLLUTANTS
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13. Asthma
Allergy
EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH
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14. Inorganic Dust
Coal Dust - Anthracosis
Silica - Silicosis
Asbestos - Asbestosis
Iron - Siderosis
Organic Dusts
Cane Fiber - Bagassosis
(Bronchi gets affected)
Cotton dust - Byssinosis
(In Textile industries)
Tobacco - Tobaccosis, Lung
Cancer
DUSTS (PNEUMOCONIOSIS)
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15. Coal Dust - Anthracosis
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16. Silica - Silicosis
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17. Asbestos - Asbestosis
Iron- Siderosis
The iris has the " rusty "
appearance that results
from siderosis.
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18. PNEUMOCONIOSIS
A disease of the lungs
characterized by
fibrosis and caused by the
chronic
inhalation of mineral dusts,
especially silica
and asbestos. When Insoluble
Inorganic Material (like
silica and asbestos) enters the
lungs, they stay in the lungs
and cause
inflammation and disease
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19. Oxides of Nitrogen -
Brochiolitis
They cause eye irritation
and respiratory trouble.
They have mutagenic
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20. Ozone - Broncho constriction
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21. Hydrocarbons – Lung Cancer
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22. Sulphur dioxide –
COPD,Asthma
COPD - diseases of the
lungs in which the
airways become
narrowed
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23. Grain Dust -Farmer’s Lungs
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24. Carbon Monoxide
 It is formed by incomplete combustion of carbon fuels
in various industries , motor vehicles, hearths, etc.
 It causes impairment of judgment and vision, headache
and dizziness.
Sulphur Dioxide
 It is produced in large quantity during smelting of
metallic ores.
 It causes trachial irritation, cough, bronchial spasms.
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25. Air Quality Index
 The Air Quality Index (AQI), also known as the Air Pollution Index (API) or
Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) is an index for reporting daily air quality.
 Many countries monitor ground-level ozone, particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide and nitrogen dioxide and calculate air quality indices for these
pollutants.
 Air quality index values are divided into ranges, and each range is assigned a
descriptor and a color code.
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26.  Clean Air Act has developed National Ambient Air Quality Standards to
protect public health and environmental resources.
 The air quality standards are classified into two types:
 Primary standards: Protect public health, including the health of "sensitive"
populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly.
 Secondary standards: Protect public welfare, including protection against
decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
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27. Good: The AQI value for a community is between 0 and 50 then the air quality is considered
satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk.
Moderate: The AQI is between 51 and 100 then the Air quality is acceptable; however, for some
pollutants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people.
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups: When AQI values are between 101 and 150, members of sensitive
groups may experience health effects. This means they are likely to be affected at lower levels than
the general public.
Unhealthy: Everyone may begin to experience health effects when AQI values are between 151 and
200. Members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects.
Very Unhealthy: AQI values between 201 and 300 trigger a health alert, meaning everyone may
experience more serious health effects.
Hazardous: AQI values over 300 trigger health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire
population is more likely to be affected.
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28. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB)
Pollutant Time weighted
Average
Concentration in Ambient
air (g m-3)
Industrial Rural and
Residential
Sensitive
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Annual Average * 80 60 15
24 hr ** 120 80 30
Oxide of nitrogen (NO2)
Annual average * 80 60 15
24 hr ** 120 80 30
Suspended Particulate matter (SPM)
Annual average * 360 140 70
24 hr ** 500 200 100
Respirable suspended particulate
matter (<10 micron) (RSPM)
Annual average * 120 60 50
24 hr ** 150 100 75
Lead
Annual average * 1.0 0.75 0.50
24 hr ** 1.5 1.00 0.75
Carbon monoxide (mg m-3)
8hr 5.0 2.0 1.0
1 hr 10.0 4.0 2.0
•*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurement in a year taken for a week, 24 hourly at uniform interval.
•** 24 hour/ 8 hourly values should meet 98% of the time in a year01-12-2014BCM 501 28

29. Use public mode of transportation
Conserve energy
Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Emphasis on clean energy resources
Emphasis on clean energy resources
PREVENTION
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30.  Any chemical, biological and physical change in water quality that has a
harmful effect on living organisms.
WATER POLLUTION
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31. TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
Pollution of Streams and Lakes
Ocean Pollution
Groundwater Pollution
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32.  Point-source pollution: single source (oil spill, oil wells, oil tankers etc)
 Non-point-source pollution: many sources.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
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33. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
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35. Rivers
• Rivers have been easy targets for dumping of sewage and
industrial wastes.
• Many rivers that are in industrial areas are so polluted and
low in oxygen that very few species can live in them
anymore.
• River ganga is the most polluted rives in India.
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36. flowing water can recover rapidly by dilution and decay
Pollution of Streams and Lakes
© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich
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37. •Coastal areas most impacted – especially wetlands and estuaries, coral reefs,
and mangrove swamps
•Half of world's population lives within 100 km (60 miles) of oceans and 14
of 15 largest cities coastal
•About 35% of U.S. municipal sewage discharged virtually untreated in
ocean waters
•Dumping of industrial waste directly into ocean off U.S. coasts stopped, but
many countries still dump large quantities of toxic substances
•Ocean is the ultimate repository of waste
Ocean Pollution
© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water
Pollution by Paul Rich01-12-2014 BCM 501 37

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39. • Greater threat to humans than much of more visible surface water pollution
• Much groundwater renewed slowly, such that pollution lingers for long time
• Crude estimates indicate that up to 25% of usable groundwater in the U.S.
contaminated
• Extremely difficult to clean up contaminated groundwater; prevention more
effective
• Main approach: pump groundwater to surface, purifying water, and returning to
aquifer; costs high
Groundwater Pollution
© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water
Pollution by Paul Rich01-12-2014 BCM 501 39

40. bss.sfsu.edu/ehines/geog600/
Freshwater%20and%20ocean%20Pollution.ppt
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41. Groundwater Pollution
Salt Water Intrusion
Extensive pumping in coastal areas can
cause salt water to rise into wells, forming
a cone of ascension
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42.  Chemicals in drinking water
1.Fluoride
Dental fluorosis
2. Methyl Mercury
Minamata
HEALTH EFFECTS
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43. Lead poisoning
colica pictonium (plumbism)
Cadmium poisoning
Weak and brittle bones
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44.  Bacterial infections
Typhoid
Cholera
Paratyphoid fever
Bacillary dysentery
 Viral infections
Infectious Hepatitis (jaundice)
Poliomyeliti
 Protozoal infections
Amoebic dysentery
WATER-BORNE DISEASES
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45. Amoebiasis, is one of those common diseases,
caused by a parasite which infects the bowel
casing a type of gastroenteritis infection.
This disease generally
occurs in young to middle
aged adults who ingest
contaminated food or water
containing the Entamoeba
histolytica microorganism
Amoebiasis
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46. Giardiasis
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine that is
caused by the parasite, Giardia lamblia The most
common manifestations of giardiasis are diarrhoea
and abdominal pain, particularly cramping.
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47. Fish Die
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48. “The word noise comes from the Latin word noxia meaning "injury" or
"hurt" .” Noise is an unwanted, unpleasant and annoying sound caused by
vibration of the matter.
 Vibrations impinge on the ear drum of a human or animal and setup a
nervous disturbance, which we call sound. When the effects of sound are
undesirable that it may be termed as “Noise”.
NOISE POLLUTION
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49. Traffic noise
Air Craft
Noise from railways
Construction Noise
Noise in Industry
Noise in building
Loud Speakers
Firecrackers
SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
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50. There are 2 kinds of noise pollution.
A. Community Noise (non industrial noise pollution).
1. Air craft noise
2. Roadway noise pollution
3. Under water noise pollution
B. Occupational Noise( industrial noise pollution)
CLASSIFICATION OF NOISE POLLUTION
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52.  It is an instrument that measures sound pressure level, commonly used
in noise pollution studies for the quantification of different kinds of noise,
especially for industrial, environmental and aircraft noise.
 Noise is measured in terms of desibles
SOUND LEVEL METER
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53. Area code Category of area Limits in dB
Day time
Limits in dB
Night time
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45
D Silence area 50 40
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STANDARDS WITH RESPECT NOICE IN AMBIENT AIR

54. Hearing loss
Age-related (presbycusis)
Cardiovascular effects
Stress
Annoyance
Cognitive development
EFFECTS ON HUMANS
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56.  At Source
Maintenance of automobiles
Control over vibrations
Prohibition on usage of loud speakers
Selection of machinery
 Transmission
 Protect exposed person
 Create Vegetation cover
 Education
CONTROL
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57.  Soil pollution refers to undesirable change in physico-chemical, or
biological condition of soil quality that becomes unsuitable for plant
growth and microorganisms in soil.
SOIL POLLUTION
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58. During earth quakes ,land slides
Volcanoes
Hurricanes and floods
NATURAL CAUSES LAND POLLUTION
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59.  Application of Pesticides
 Indiscriminate use of fertilizers
 Indiscriminate use of pesticides, insecticides and herbicides
 Dumping of large quantities of solid waste
 Deforestation and soil erosion
 Urbanization
ARTIFICIAL CAUSES OF SOIL POLLUTION
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60. Heavy metals
Oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur
Industrial waste
Sewage
Agricultural wastes
Volcanoes
Plastics
glasses
SOIL POLLUTENTS
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63. 4 R's: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Refuse
Reducing chemical fertilizer
Reducing pesticide use
Reusing of materials
Recycling and recovery of materials
Reforesting
Solid waste treatment
CONTROL OF SOIL POLLUTION
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64.  Wikipedia
 Ecology and Environment by P.D. Sharma
 Introduction to Environmental science by Y. Anjaneyulu
 A Text book on Environmental science by P.C. Joshi
 http://www.mass.gov/dep/air/aq/env_effects.htm
 - See more at: http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-
air-pollution.php#sthash.b9jay4DO.dpuf
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REFERENCE

65. THANK YOU ALL
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