1. 01/30/15 11
UNION OF MYANMAR
Nargis Disaster and Its Management
Myanmar Water Partnership
18th
September, 2009
2. 01/30/15 2
PERCENTAGE OF DISASTER OUTBREAK
IN MYANMAR (1998-99 to 2007-08)
Other 8%
Storm 11%Flood 10%
Fire 71%
3. 01/30/15 3
Recent Major Disaster
264.26 mil
210.12 mil
982.12 mil
2592
42856
10570
42
23
-
61
37
14
84537
Tsunami
Cyclone Mala
Cyclone Akash
Cyclone Nargis
2004
2006
2007
2008
Losses
estimated
(US$)
No. of
victimsinjuredkilledDisasterYear
2004 20072006
4. 01/30/15 44
Impact of Cyclone NargisImpact of Cyclone Nargis
Cyclone NargisCyclone Nargis
made landfall inmade landfall in
Myanmar on 2ndMyanmar on 2nd
and 3and 3rdrd
May 2008,May 2008,
causing extensivecausing extensive
damage in Ayeya-damage in Ayeya-
waddy and Yangonwaddy and Yangon
divisions.divisions.
5. 01/30/15 5
NARGIS:
MEANING: FLOWER/ FEMALE
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: PAKISTAN
LANGUAGE OF ORIGIN: ARABIC
SEVERE CYCLONIC STORM = WITH EXCEEDINGLY LOW
PRESSURE AT THE CENTRE
AND WITH WINDS EXCEEDING 150 mph
01B08 = THE FIRST STORM IN THE BAY OF BENGAL
FOR THE YEAR 2008.
6. 01/30/15 6
Month Storms formed in
the Bay of Bengal
Storms which crossed
Myanmar coast
JAN 16( 1%) 2( 2%)
FEB 3( 0%) 1( 1%)
MAR 8( 1%) ---
APR 32( 3%) 15( 19%)
MAY 89( 7%) 24( 30%)
JUN 111( 9%) 1( 1%)
JUL 180( 15%) ---
AUG 192( 15%) --
SEP 209( 17%) ---
OCT 190( 15%) 14( 18%)
NOV 141( 11%) 14( 18%)
DEC 77( 6%) 9( 11%)
Total 1248(100%) 80(100%)
Total 10.49 0.66
Total Number of storms (%) formed in the Bay of Bengal
and that had crossed Myanmar coast during the period 1887 to 2005
MAY IS ONE OF
THE STORM
MONTH
FOR MYANMAR
WITH POSSIBILITY
OF 30% CHANCE
OF LAND
CROSSING.
7. 01/30/15 7
Life Span
Where
Affected Areas
Intensity
26th
– 3rd May, 2008
SW Bay, WC Bay & adjoining EC Bay
Ayeyerwady, Yangon &Bago Divisions,
Mon & Kayin States
Severe Cyclonic storm (Category-2)
14. 01/30/15 14
Storm News
(Issued at (17:30)hrs MST on 1st
May, 2008)
According to the observations at
(15;30)hrs MST today, the cyclonic storm
“NARGIS” is now located (340) miles WSW of
Gwa, Rakhine State. Myanmar coast within
next (24) hrs commencing this evening. It is
forecast to further intensify and move NNE
wards.
Under the influence of this storm,
widespread rain or thundershowers will be in
Rakhine, Mon, Kayin States, Ayeyarwady, Yangon, Bago and Taninthayi Divisions,
scattered in Shan and Kayah States, isolated in the remaining areas with heavyfalls in
coastal areas. Squall with rough sea are likely attimes off and along Myanmar coast.
Surface wind speed in squall may reach (50)mph.
On crossing the coast, storm surge height of about (8-10)feet above normal
tide will be expected along Southern Rakhine and northern Ayeyarwady coastal areas.
(15:30)hrs of 1st
May,2008
16. 01/30/15 16www.themegallery.com
Type of Warnings issued During the Storm
• Daily weather bulletin
• Special Storm News
• Four Stage warnings
• Pre-Cyclone watch
• Cyclone Alert
• Cyclone Warning
• Post Landfall outlook
• Warnings for designated officials
• Warnings for Port Authorities
• Warnings for Aviation
• Warnings for Navy
17. 01/30/15 17www.themegallery.com
• Number of storm alert bulletins, storm warnings issued by DMH
NMC Aviation
• 25-4-2008 Special News 2 2
• 26-4-2008 Special News 2 2
• 27-4-2008 Storm News 1 2
• 28-4-2008 Special Storm News 2 2
• 29-4-2008 Storm Alerts 3 2
• 30-4-2008 Storm Warnings 4 2
• 1- 5-2008 Storm Warnings 6 2
• 2- 5-2008 Storm warnings 7 2
• 3- 5-2008 Storm arnings 6 2
*Starting from the evening of 2nd
May, special storm warnings with possible storm
affected specific areas are issued hourly to all news media. National televisions
televised all hourly news continuously in footnote rolling format without a break.
18. 01/30/15 18
Warning SystemWarning System
Department ofDepartment of
Meteorology &Meteorology &
HydrologyHydrology
Forecasting, DailyForecasting, Daily
Weather Report, Warning ofWeather Report, Warning of
Storm, Flood, ExtraordinaryStorm, Flood, Extraordinary
Weather conditionWeather condition
MEDIAMEDIA
CentralCentral
CommitteeCommittee
MinistryMinistry
ConcernedConcerned
Regional AuthorityRegional Authority
and Committeeand Committee
TV, Radio, DailyTV, Radio, Daily
Newspaper,Newspaper,
Military and CivilMilitary and Civil
CommunicationCommunication
SystemSystem
--Control OfficeControl Office
-Directing-Directing
-Supporting-Supporting
-Collecting Timely-Collecting Timely
ConditionCondition
-Necessary Action for Relief-Necessary Action for Relief
--Announcement to PublicAnnouncement to Public
-Close Supervision-Close Supervision
-Evacuation-Evacuation
-Search and Rescue-Search and Rescue
-Food, Security, Healthcare-Food, Security, Healthcare
-Necessary Action-Necessary Action
2.1 Current Situation
19. 01/30/15 19www.themegallery.com
That is the story
One of the local resident
Admitted that they know the
Warning in 48 hours in
advance. Since they have been
living in the coastal areas
throughout their lives, they feel
that They are so familiar with
the sea. Winds and seas are
daily phenomena. However,
due to the storm warning they
did take some precautions- Just
stay home and not to go work to
sea. They admitted they never
expect such an impact, even by
the elders, who had been living
in the area for more than 80-90
years.
20. 01/30/15 20
SCS ”NARGIS”01B08 was a very peculiar.
The third storm in history which ever cross the Myanmar
coastline in May.
Due to the influence of SCS NARGIS, the highest toll of
death in the historical record.
(1)severe stage while a crossing the southern Ayeyarwady
(2) moving straight East wards between sea and land
(3) low line and populated areas
(4) many tributaries in Deltaic areas
Monitoring- NMC(YGN),NPT,MGDN(aviation),EWC and
Hourly observations in the coastal stations
Forecasts -COLA(USA),IMD(India),Guam Airbase(USA),
ADPC(BKK),CIMSS(USA)& TSR(UK)
Delievering to-Higher and Local Authorities
and also Mass Media (Interview,Daily news
paper, TV & Radio)
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
21. 01/30/15 2121
84,537 persons were dead, 53,836 were missing and84,537 persons were dead, 53,836 were missing and
19,359 were injured.19,359 were injured.
The number of totally damaged houses were 450,000The number of totally damaged houses were 450,000
and partially damaged houses were 350,000.and partially damaged houses were 350,000.
Over 4,000 schools were damaged.Over 4,000 schools were damaged.
In health sector, 75% of the health facilities were alsoIn health sector, 75% of the health facilities were also
destroyed.destroyed.
Damage and LossDamage and Loss
23. 01/30/15 2323
National Disaster Preparedness CentralNational Disaster Preparedness Central
CommitteeCommittee
Prime Minister Chairman
Secretary(1),State Peace and Vice Chairman
Development Council
(15) Ministers Concerned Member
Mayor (YGN, MDY) Member
Minister (SWRR) Secretary
Person Assigned by chairman Joint Secretary
National Disaster Management SystemNational Disaster Management System
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Sub-committee for
Assessment of losses
Sub-committee for Information of
losses and Emergency Assistance
Sub-committee for
Search and Rescue
Sub-committee for
Emergency Communication
Sub-committee for
Information and Education
National Disaster Preparedness Management Working Committee
National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee
Sub-committee for Clearing
Ways and Transportation
Sub-committee for Mitigation and
Establishing of Emergency Shelter
Sub-committee for
Health
Sub-committee for Rehabilitation
and Reconstruction
Sub-committee for
Security
27. 01/30/15 2727
The ASEAN-United Nations International PledgingThe ASEAN-United Nations International Pledging
Conference was held in Yangon on 25Conference was held in Yangon on 25thth
May 2008.May 2008.
The Conference concluded with commitment ofThe Conference concluded with commitment of
providing humanitarian assistance to Cyclone Nargisproviding humanitarian assistance to Cyclone Nargis
affected areas.affected areas.
28. 01/30/15 28
• TCG has been formed on 31 May 2008.
• 3 representatives each from Government of
Myanmar, ASEAN and United Nations.
• Chaired by Deputy Minister for Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
• Main task is to coordinate among UN
agencies, INGOs and Myanmar Govt. in relief
and rehabilitation activities.
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• Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA) was
conducted by TCG in 291 affected villages with
the assessment team member of over 300.
• Village Tract Assessment (VTA) and Damage
and Loss Assessment (DaLA) were carried out.
• PONJA, the guidance for Post-Nargis Recovery
and Reconstruction was officially launched on
21st July 2008.
• Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan
(PONREPP) is prepared by TCG and launched
on 9th
February,2009.
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Institution of ClustersInstitution of Clusters
• Food Cluster
• Agriculture
• Water and Sanitation
• Shelter
• Health
• Child and Woman Protection
• Nutrition
• Education
• Agriculture
• Early Recovery
• Logistics and Emergency Telecommunication
33. 01/30/15 3333
Myanmar Fire BrigadeMyanmar Fire Brigade
Armed ForcesArmed Forces
Myanmar Police ForceMyanmar Police Force
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Union Solidarity and Development AssociationUnion Solidarity and Development Association Myanmar Women’s Affairs FederationMyanmar Women’s Affairs Federation
Myanmar Red Cross SocietyMyanmar Red Cross SocietyMyanmar Maternal and Child Welfare AssociationMyanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association
35. 01/30/15 3535
Recovery ActivitiesRecovery Activities
Emergency ReliefEmergency Relief
The ministers in charge of respective severely- affected areaThe ministers in charge of respective severely- affected area
were assigned to effective supervision.were assigned to effective supervision.
Early recovery tasks were successfully undertaken.Early recovery tasks were successfully undertaken.
Epidemic diseases were under control in the storm-affectedEpidemic diseases were under control in the storm-affected
areas.areas.
The lives of storm-hit people were saved due to theThe lives of storm-hit people were saved due to the
humanitarian assistances from International Community.humanitarian assistances from International Community.
38. 01/30/15 3838
Health SectorHealth Sector
Temporary clinicTemporary clinic
Sub-Rural Health CentreSub-Rural Health Centre
Township HospitalTownship Hospital
Rural Health CentreRural Health Centre
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Construction entrepreneurs involvement in reconstruction tasks
Wah Wah Win Co. Ltd.
Max Myanmar Co. Ltd. Original Group Co. Ltd.
Htoo Trading & Air Bagan Co. Ltd.
40. 01/30/15 4040
The main businesses in Ayeyarwaddy Division areThe main businesses in Ayeyarwaddy Division are
agriculture, fishery and salt production.agriculture, fishery and salt production.
Agricultural works were destroyed due to loss ofAgricultural works were destroyed due to loss of
draught cattle, damage to paddy strains, sea waterdraught cattle, damage to paddy strains, sea water
intrusion to paddy land and damage of farmintrusion to paddy land and damage of farm
equipments.equipments.
LivelihoodLivelihood
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Nargis Disaster and Its Management
Flooded Area
1.9 Million Acres
Sown Area of Rice
3.2 Million Acres
Situation Aftermath of Cyclone Nargis
Saline Water
Intruded Area
1.3 Million Acres
43. 01/30/15 43
-To reconstruct the damaged embankments and
polders
-To renovate the deteriorated embankments and
polders
44. 01/30/15 44
Rehabilitation Plans of Cyclone Nargis Affected
Areas under the Irrigation Department Concerns
Phase 1 – Emergency Repair of Damaged Embankments/Polders
Phase 2 – Rehabilitation up to Original Authorized Crest Level
Phase 3 – Rehabilitation up to Nargis Period Water Level
Phase 4 – Additional Freeboard Construction
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Damage of Embankments /Polders
• Total length 1079 km (11.562 million cubic
meters)
• Damaged Embankments/Polders
Ayeyarwaddy Division
20 polders (covers from Ngaputaw Town-
ship to Kyaiklat Township)
14 embankments (along the coastal line)
Yangon Division
7 embankments (Kunchangone,
Kawhmu, kyauktan and Thongwa
Townships)
47. 01/30/15 47
Rehabilitation Work
• Planned Project Duration : 2 years
• Total financial requirements : 24.86 million USD
• Component of project in 1st
year
–Reconstruction of embankments/polders
–Storm shelter for rescue of local people
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Type of Storm Shelter
• Strom shelter embankment (Hillock)only
• Drinking water pond of storm shelter and
• Storm shelter combined with drinking water pond
49. 01/30/15 4949
Cyclone Shelter DesignCyclone Shelter Design
Cyclone Shelter for 1000 personsCyclone Shelter for 1000 persons
(Two-storeyed)(Two-storeyed)
Cyclone Shelter for 500 personsCyclone Shelter for 500 persons
(one-storeyed)(one-storeyed)
Cyclone Shelter for 300 personsCyclone Shelter for 300 persons
(one-storeyed)(one-storeyed)
59. 01/30/15 5959
43 International Non-Govermental Organizations are43 International Non-Govermental Organizations are
carrying out rehabilitation and reconstructioncarrying out rehabilitation and reconstruction
programmesprogrammes
Livelihood recoveryLivelihood recovery
Construction of shelterConstruction of shelter
Schools and rural health centresSchools and rural health centres
Protection of children and women and PsychosocialProtection of children and women and Psychosocial
supportsupport
Income generationIncome generation
Provision of furniture and stationary for schoolsProvision of furniture and stationary for schools
Disaster risk reduction programmesDisaster risk reduction programmes..
Cooperation of INGOsCooperation of INGOs
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Opening of Training of Trainers on Disaster Risk ReductionOpening of Training of Trainers on Disaster Risk Reduction
61. 01/30/15 6161
Opening of Disaster Management Course in YangonOpening of Disaster Management Course in Yangon
62. 01/30/15 6262
Formation of Tripartite Core Group (TCG) is veryFormation of Tripartite Core Group (TCG) is very
effective for the implementation of relief and posteffective for the implementation of relief and post
Nargis recovery.Nargis recovery.
Coordination and cooperation among Government,Coordination and cooperation among Government,
ASEAN, UN Agencies and INGOs.ASEAN, UN Agencies and INGOs.
Effective coordination and cooperation amongEffective coordination and cooperation among
Ministries concerned.Ministries concerned.
Participation of local entrepreurships in relief andParticipation of local entrepreurships in relief and
recovery programme.recovery programme.
Arrangements for travel permission and visa permissionArrangements for travel permission and visa permission
of INGOs.of INGOs.
Lesson Learnt and ConstraintsLesson Learnt and Constraints
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Health Care Provision
Under the guidance of Prime Minister, Chair of the National Natural
Disaster Preparedness Central Committee the teams visited
Mawlamyinegyun, Pyapon and Bogale on the 4th
of May and provided
emergency medical care and referred severely injured patients to
Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Kyimyindaing Orthopedic Hospital
by military helicopters.
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Specialist teams
• Specialist teams were formed and
sent to the frontier camps in
groups of (20) in rotation, fully
equipped with medicines and
supplies.
- Physician
- Surgeon
- Orthopedic surgeon
- Paediatrician
- Anesthetist
- Psychiatrist
- Eye surgeon
- Dental surgeon
- Medical doctors
- Nurses
65. 01/30/15 65
Prevention and control of
disease outbreaks
(90) Public Health professionals visited with
- Bleaching powder
- Water guard tablets
- ORS and Essential medicines
- Fogging machines and insecticides
- Insecticide Treated Bed-Nets
- Vaccines
- Vitamin supplements
66. 01/30/15 66
Public health measures implemented
at the storm-hit areas
• Health education
• Chlorination of drinking water
• Construction of sanitary latrines
• Proper waste management
• Fogging with insecticide to
control vector borne diseases
• Immunization particularly polio
and measles to children under
15 years
• Vitamin A distribution
• Moral support
• Mental health care
• Surveillance of disease outbreak
67. 01/30/15 67
Mobile Hospital Ships
Four Floating Hospitals visited to
Pyapon, Bogale, Labutta and
Mawlamyainggyun townships
Anchored at the townships, give
treatment on board for medical care,
dental and mental care.
Daily visit nearby villages along the
river creeks and streams by motor
boats and give treatment to the
people residing there.
68. 01/30/15 68
Floating Hospitals
• (7) batches of 129 doctors and nurses had been deployed to storm-hit areas
by Double Deckers
• Curative services, disease control and public health measures provided on
the ships.
• Mental health was also taken care of by psychiatrists on board
• Refer patients that need further mental care to base camps
69. 01/30/15 69
Health Care Provision at Relief Camps
by local NGOs
MMA contributed altogether (160) doctors in Yangon and (266)
doctors in Ayeyawady Division for provision of medical care.
MNA visited Ayeyawady Division and provided nursing care
MHAA visited Yangon Division and support public health
MRCS also contributed by first-aid management at front camps
70. 01/30/15 70
Doctors, nurses and pharmacists from Asia Royal private
hospital visited to Kunchangone on 7th
May (21 persons)
and 9th
May (27 persons).
23 health personnel form Pan Hlaing private hospital had
been working at Ngaputaw and Haingyi-Kyun since 21st
May.
19 health personnel from Pinlon (SSC) private hospital
had been stationed at Hlaingbone in Labutta and
provided medical care for two times since 3rd
June.
Private sector Involvement
71. 01/30/15 71
International Medical Teams
• ASEAN responded to Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar with
regional solidarity.
• Member States rapidly deployed medical teams both
bilaterally as well as a regional outfit, hand-in-hand with that
of other countries.
• Medical teams from Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam,
Philippines and Laos from the ASEAN Region
• Teams from Japan, China, France, Korea, India, Bangladesh,
Hungary and Sri Lanka
72. 01/30/15 72
Future Plan of Action
(1) Mobilization of health personnel to affected areas
(2) Reconstruction and renovation of damaged health facilities
(3) Replenishment of equipment, logistics, medicines and
supplies to health facilities
(4) Early detection and rapid response of disease outbreak
(5) Mental Health
( 6) Water and Sanitation
73. 01/30/15 73
(7) Immunization
(8) Protein Energy Malnutrition Control
(9) Reproductive Health Project
(10) School Health
(11) Restore and maintain TB control
(12) DHF control
(13) Malaria Control
(14)Prevention and Control of HIV/ADIS, STD & Sexual Health
74. 01/30/15 7474
Some donors cannot fully contribute to the recoverySome donors cannot fully contribute to the recovery
activities.activities.
Some donors cannot continuously provide financialSome donors cannot continuously provide financial
assistance according to the project due toassistance according to the project due to
economic crisis.economic crisis.
Majority of expenditure of logistics were spent inMajority of expenditure of logistics were spent in
communication and transportation.communication and transportation.
ConstraintsConstraints
75. 01/30/15 7575
It is necessary to implement many programmes suchIt is necessary to implement many programmes such
as construction of schools, hospitals, village housesas construction of schools, hospitals, village houses
and livelihood.and livelihood.
Early warning system and disaster preparednessEarly warning system and disaster preparedness
programme are main requirements for delta area.programme are main requirements for delta area.
Cyclone shelters will be constructed in the coastalCyclone shelters will be constructed in the coastal
area for safer place of the community.area for safer place of the community.
We need many contributions and cooperation ofWe need many contributions and cooperation of
donors and well-wishers.donors and well-wishers.
At national level, we have national disaster preparedness central committee, which is chaired by the Prime Minister, and the minister of SWRR is the secretary.
This diagram shows the structure of disaster prevention, from the national level down to community level. You can see the web connecting different level of authorities, UN, INGO, LNGO bodies and ASEAN members.