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Evidence Briefings: Towards a Medium to Transfer Knowledge from Systematic Reviews to Practitioners
1. Evidence Brieļ¬ngs:
Towards a Medium to Transfer Knowledge
from Systematic Reviews to Practitioners
@brunocartaxo @gustavopinto @scbs@soueltonvieira
moving to
1
3. Evidence-Based Medicine
EBM is the conscientious, explicit,
judicious and reasonable use of modern,
best evidence in making decisions about
the care of individual patients.
It integrates the clinical experience and
patient values with the best available
research
It aims to increase the use of high
quality clinical research in clinical
decision making
Acta Informatica Medicaā2008 3
4. Evidence-Based Medicine
One of the greatest
achievements of EBM has been
the development of systematic
reviews and meta-analyses,
methods by which researchers
identify multiple studies on a
topic, separate the best ones and
then critically analyze them to
come up with a summary of the
best available evidence.
Acta Informatica Medicaā2008 4
8. 1. Convert the need for information into
answerable questions
2. Identify the best evidence with which to
answer these questions
3. Appraise the evidence critically: assess
its validity and usefulness
4. Implement the results of this appraisal in
software engineering practice
5. Evaluate the performance of this
implementation
The 5 Steps of Evidence-Based Practice
}Systematic
Literature
Reviews
(SRs)
8
9. How to ļ¬nd the best evidence?
Software Engineering
conferences
Software Engineering
journals
9
10. How to ļ¬nd the best evidence?
X, Y, and Z: A Systematic
Literature Review
10
11. It involves reading the right
papers and then changing
behavior in the practice of the
discipline.
Trisha Greenhalgh
Oxford University
Evidence-Based practice is not only about reading
and summarizing papers
11
12. FƔbio Queda
CIn @ UFPE
There is a lack of connection
between systematic reviews
and software engineering
practice
ISTā2011
12
13. SRs do not provide guidelines for practitioners
Most of SR authors
afļ¬rmed that they
hadnāt a direct impact
on industrial practice
Lack of connection
with industry is the
6th top barrier
13
15. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)
researchers argue that SRs:
Focus on a narrow question
15
Are time consuming
they usually require
between 6 months and 2
years to complete
(1,139 hours, on average)
Policymakers often
require access to
contextualized
resources that
address a broader
scope of scientiļ¬c
evidence quickly
On the other handā¦
16. 16
Rapid Reviews Brieļ¬ngs and Summaries
56% of the rapid
reviews were conducted
in the last 3 years
āRapid reviews
simplify the
process of SRs
to produce
information in
a timely
mannerā
ā[Brieļ¬ngs] translates
existing SRs into actionable
messages in the form of
short accessible brieļ¬ngsā
21. Evidence Brieļ¬ngs:
Towards a Medium to Transfer Knowledge
from Systematic Reviews to Practitioners
@brunocartaxo @gustavopinto @scbs@soueltonvieira
moving to
21
31. 31
2 Systematic Reviews Data Extraction
Paper title:
Original
The effectiveness of pair programing: A meta-analysis
Brieļ¬ng
The effectiveness of pair programming
32. 32
2 Systematic Reviews Data Extraction
Paper title:
Research goals:
Original
The effectiveness of pair programing: A meta-analysis
Brieļ¬ng
The effectiveness of pair programming
Template
This brieļ¬ng reports evidence on <GOAL> based on scientiļ¬c
evidence from a systematic review.
Brieļ¬ng
This brieļ¬ng reports evidence on the effectiveness of pair
programming around quality duration and effort based on
scientiļ¬c evidence from a systematic review.
33. 33
2 Systematic Reviews Data Extraction
Paper title:
Research goals:
Research ļ¬ndings:
Original
The effectiveness of pair programing: A meta-analysis
Brieļ¬ng
The effectiveness of pair programming
Template
This brieļ¬ng reports evidence on <GOAL> based on scientiļ¬c
evidence from a systematic review.
Brieļ¬ng
This brieļ¬ng reports evidence on the effectiveness of pair
programming around quality duration and effort based on
scientiļ¬c evidence from a systematic review.
Finding 1
Pairing up of individuals seems to elevate the junior pairs up to
near senior pair performance
Finding 2
If you do not know the seniority or skill levels of your
programmers, but do have a feeling for task complexity, then
employ pair programing either when task complexity is low and
time is of the essence, or when task complexity is high and
correctness if important
35. 35
3 Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Generation: Principles
Similarity: elements that are similar
are more likely to be organized
together
Proximity: closer elements are more
likely to be perceived as a group
Continuation: elements will be
grouped as a whole if they are co-
linear
Unity: elements that have a visual
connection should belong to a uniform
group
36. 36
3 Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Generation
1. The title of the brieļ¬ng
2. The goal of the brieļ¬ng
3. The ļ¬ndings extracted
from the original review
4. An informative box
with general
information
5. The reference to the
original review
6. The logos of our research
group and university
37. 37
3 Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Generation
1. The title of the brieļ¬ng
2. The goal of the brieļ¬ng
3. The ļ¬ndings extracted
from the original review
4. An informative box
with general
information
5. The reference to the
original review
6. The logos of our research
group and university
The template of Evidence Brieļ¬ngs is licensed under
CC-BY license!
43. 43
4
473
StackExchange Users who
asked questions related
to the SRs
only 146 of them had
public proļ¬le
(LinkedIn, Github,
Twitter, etc)
Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Evaluation: Practitioners
44. 44
4
The 22 authors of the 12
Systematic Reviews
Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Evaluation: Researchers
45. 45
4 Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Evaluation: Survey
Survey principles:
Reciprocity (e.g., we rafļ¬ed a 100 USD Amazon card gift)
Authority & Credibility (e.g, Ph.D., University professors)
Liking (e.g., personalized emails)
Scarcity: (e.g., we deļ¬ned a deadline)
Brevity (e.g., we asked closed questions as much as possible)
Social Beneļ¬t (e.g., 1 USD for the Brazilian Red Cross)
46. Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Evaluation: Survey
46
4
Survey principles:
Reciprocity (e.g., we rafļ¬ed a 100 USD Amazon card gift)
Authority & Credibility (e.g, Ph.D., University professors)
Liking (e.g., personalized emails)
Scarcity: (e.g., we deļ¬ned a deadline)
Brevity (e.g., we asked closed questions as much as possible)
Social Beneļ¬t (e.g., 1 USD for the Brazilian Red Cross)
47. 47
4
Survey with Practitioners (17 questions, 2 open-ended)
Survey with Researchers (8 questions, 2 open-ended)
Evidence Brieļ¬ngs Evaluation: Survey
7 respondents (31% of response rate)
32 respondents (22% of response rate)
50. 50
Survey with Practitioners: Demographics
Q1. What is your current position?
Q2. How many years of experience do you have in your current
position?
51. 51
Survey with Practitioners: Demographics
Q1. What is your current position?
Q2. How many years of experience do you have in your current
position?
54. 54
Survey with Practitioners: Acquiring Knowledge
Q5. How often do you use StackExchange websites?
Q6. How often do you read software engineering research
papers?
55. 55
Q7. Have you ever read a systematic review paper?
Q8. For what reason you read a systematic review paper?
Survey with Practitioners: Acquiring Knowledge
56. 56
Q10. To what degree do you think the information available in the
brieļ¬ng we sent to you can answer your question on StackExchange?
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
57. 57
Q10. To what degree do you think the information available in the
brieļ¬ng we sent to you can answer your question on StackExchange?
Q11. Why?
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
āThe question is too speciļ¬cā
āThe question expected more than one
answerā
āThe question touched a slightly
different issueā
āThe brieļ¬ng lacks detailsā
58. 58
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
Q12. Regardless the brieļ¬ng answers or not your question, how
important do you think is the research presented on the brieļ¬ng?
59. 59
Q12. Regardless the brieļ¬ng answers or not your question, how
important do you think is the research presented on the brieļ¬ng?
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
Q13. Why?
āAgile is not a one size ļ¬ts all methodology. To make it
work you need to see what works for you and your
team. [...] Making bold high level statistical
statements about Agile software development will only
hurt it where as it can shine in truly Agile
organizations.ā
60. 60
Q14. How do you compare the answers from the StackExchange
community to the ļ¬ndings presented in the brieļ¬ng?
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
61. 61
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Format
Q15. How easy was to ļ¬nd the information in the brieļ¬ng?
Q16. Is the brieļ¬ng interface clear and understandable?āØ
Q17. Does the brieļ¬ng look reliable?
62. 62
Q15. How easy was to ļ¬nd the information in the brieļ¬ng?
Q16. Is the brieļ¬ng interface clear and understandable?āØ
Q17. Does the brieļ¬ng look reliable?
Survey with Practitioners: Brieļ¬ngsā Format
68. 68
Survey with Researchers: Sharing Knowledge
Q2. How often do you share research results to practitioners?
Q3. How do you do that?
āTeachingā
āSeminarsā
āWritingā
āAdvisory workā
āSocial Networksā
69. 69
Survey with Researchers: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
Q4. How does the brieļ¬ng that we sent to you cover the main
ļ¬ndings of your paper?
70. 70
Survey with Researchers: Brieļ¬ngsā Content
Q4. How does the brieļ¬ng that we sent to you cover the main
ļ¬ndings of your paper?
Q5. Why?
YAY! :-)
71. 71
Survey with Researchers: Brieļ¬ngsā Format
Q6. How easy was to ļ¬nd the information in the brieļ¬ng?
Q7. Is the brieļ¬ng interface clear and understandable?āØ
Q8. Does the brieļ¬ng look reliable?
73. Revisiting Findings
73
Practitioners rarely use research papers as
mediums to acquire knowledge.
Software engineering practice still has many
beliefs with no evidence basis.
75. Revisiting Findings
75
Both researchers and practitioners positively
evaluated the evidence brieļ¬ngs
The brieļ¬ngs well covered the main ļ¬ndings of
the original systematic reviews
76. The Yin-Yang of Research and Practice
76
Researchers want to transfer knowledge.
But not all of them do so.
Practitioners want to be more aware of software
engineering research. But few of them do so.
88. 88
Are your search strings
well-designed?
āquality + modelā, āquality + model drivenā
and āmodel driven + experienceā
(software AND ((cost OR effort OR
productivity) WITH (factors OR indicators
OR drivers OR measure)))
90. Evidence Brieļ¬ngs:
Towards a Medium to Transfer Knowledge
from Systematic Reviews to Practitioners
@brunocartaxo @gustavopinto @scbs@soueltonvieira
moving to
90