EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RIGIDPAVEMENT

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF
PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN
RIGIDPAVEMENT
Under the guidance of
Dr. G.LAVANYA.M.E.,Ph.D
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, RAMANAD
Presented by
N.GURUVIGNESH (REG NO:910018413004)
M.E. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (FULLTIME),
ANNA UNIVERSITY REGIONAL CAMPUS, MADURAI.
ST5313- PROJECTWORK (PHASE I)

ABSTRACT
This present study aims to identify the most suitable material
to utilize in concrete pavement. Several studies have been conducted
across the worldwide to identify properties of waste materials on
concrete and environmental also. From the basis of different studies
the waste materials to be selected and replaced partial manner instead
of concrete components. utilize waste material in rigid pavement for
low cost concreting purpose. The selected appropriate ranging is to
be used for rigid pavement construction in the grade of M30 as per
IRC 44. Various engineering properties were obtained by strength
and durability analysis.

The economic development of any country mainly depend
on good infrastructure which covers roads, bridges, buildings,
ware houses, airports and etc., Transportation get various sectors
like pipe line, tunnel, roads, culverts, bridges and etc., the
roadway is major part of the transportation. As per IRC: SP: 62-
2004 rigid pavements are one of the best alternative solutions for
flexible pavement. The road network transport 64.5% of all goods
in the country. The low cost concrete with good strength is
suitable for rigid pavement up to 3000 low intensity commercial
vehicle per day (CVPD).
INTROUCTION

NEED FOR THE STUDY
 To increase Reuse waste material rate in future.
 Form green concrete from waste material.
 Reduce the amount for concrete making.
 Avoid time duration for model making and study.
1. Prime minister’s gram sadak yoana (PMGSY)  48000cr.
For new roads + 79000cr. For existing road plan
2. Vision:2025-rural road development  10000cr/yr.

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
 To study the properties of selected waste materials.
 Studying the behavior of rigid pavements.
 Analysis of rigid pavement.
 To choose an alternative material without compromising
with its properties.
 To optimize the Cost effectiveness of concrete by using
different waste materials.
 To find stress, strain and deflection characters using
analysis.

 Performance depend on types of loading.
 Assumption of material properties are made such as
Isotropic, linear.
 Pavement modeling depends on material properties
such as poisson’s ratio & young’s modulus.
LIMITATIONS
RIGID PAVEMENT
Rigid pavements are designed to
have sufficient flexural strength to
transmit the wheel load stresses to wider
area below the surface course. Compare
to flexible pavement rigid pavement
placed either directly or prepared
subgrade layer. This layer called as base
course or sub base course. p=kd

THREE PRINCIPLE RESPONSE
1. Curling stress. Differences in temperature between the top and
bottom surfaces of a PCC slab will cause the slab to curl. Since
slab weight and contact with the base restrict its movement,
stresses are created.
2. Load stress. Loads on a PCC slab will create both compressive
and tensile stresses within the slab and any adjacent one (as long
as load transfer efficiency is > 0).
3. Shrinkage and expansion. In addition to curling, environmental
temperatures will cause PCC slabs to expand (when hot) and
contract (when cool), which causes joint movement.

RIGID PAVEMENT TYPES
S.No TYPES FIGURE
1. Jointed plain concrete
pavement (JPCP)
2. Jointed reinforced concrete
pavement (JRCP)
3. Continuously reinforced
concrete pavement (CRCP)

WASTE MATERIALS
 Paper waste
 Plastic waste
 Waste tyre and rubber
 Recycled Concrete
Aggregate (RCA)
 Rise husk ash (RHA)
 volcanic ash
 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
(SCBA)
 Ground Granulated Blast
furnace slag (GGBS)

LITERATURE REVIEW
S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
RESULT & DISCUSSION
1. Paper
waste
Experimentai
nvestigation
on concrete
using waste
paper
R.Ilakkiya
and Dr. G.
Dhanalaksh
mi (2018)
 Reduce slump value.
 replacing range (0%-15%).
 compressive strength increased at
10% by 28.99N/mm2.
2.
Paper
waste
Utilization of
waste paper-
pulp by
partial
replacement
of sand in
concrete
Sagar S et
al. (2018)
 Reduce CO2 emission.
 suitable for decorative works.
 compression strength increased at
5%.
 more than 5%, reduce strength than
conventional.
 light weight and not suit for Rigid
pavement

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
RESULTS& DISCUSSION
3.
Plastic
waste
Recycling of
Poly ethylene
Waste to
Produce Plastic
Cement
Ahmad K.
Jassim
(2017)
replacing range (0%-60%).The
suitable percentage of waste HDPE
is 25 to 35% which give good
properties of mixture. Workability
is reduced. Best compressive
strength is obtained at 25%
4. Plastic
waste
An
Experimental
Investigation
on Utilization
of Waste
Plastic as a
Modifier in
Rigid
Pavements for
Improving
Strength
M.Chandu et
al. (2016)
 LPE,PP,HDPE used.
 M35 mix-27 cubes.
 Better performance at 5%.
 LDPE results better than PP.
 Reduce bond between
aggregates.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
5.
Waste
tyre and
rubber
Experimenta
l Study on
Waste Tyre
Rubber
Replaced
Concrete
T. Senthil
Vadivel and
R.
Thenmozhi
(2018)
 M20 & M25 mix are used.
 Compressive strength decrease
while adding rubber.
 split tension decrease at 10%
replacement of fine aggregate.
 workability not change.
6.
Waste
tyre and
rubber
Partial
replacement
of coarse
aggregate by
waste tires
in cement
concrete
Rahul
Mahla and
Er. R.P.
Mahla
(2015)
 M20 mix used.
 increase slump value.
 decrease workability sometime.
 increase weak property- up to
20% - not suitable for rigid
pavement

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
7.
Recycled
concrete
aggregate
Study of
Recycled
Aggregate
Concrete
Containing
Silica Fume
as Partial
Replacement
for Cement
Animesh
Awasthi et
al. (2018)
 Water absorption reduced by
add silica fume.
 Gain strength up to 30%.
 Improve stiffness.
 reduce slump value.
8.
Recycled
concrete
aggregate
‘Experiment
al
investigation
of rigid
pavement
using
demolished
waste
Nivetha.R et
al. (2018)
 M20 mix grade used.
 Up to 20% -the strength of the
concrete is increased.
 Crush strength 34.26N/mm2.
 Reduce cost & pollution.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
9. Recycled
concrete
aggregate
Study on
tensile
strength
properties
of recycled
aggregate
concrete
with and
without
pozzolanic
materials
S.
Jagadeesh
et al.
(2018)
 pozzolonic materials is added .
 Triple mixing method increase
RCA property (M30 &
RAC30).
 greater water absorption and
lower density than
conventional.
 High replacement reduce
tensile properties.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
10. Recycled
concrete
aggregate
A Study on
Strength
Characteris
tics of
Concrete
by
Replacing
Coarse
Aggregate
by
Demolishe
d Column
Waste
Dr.
Ramakrishn
a Hegde et
al. (2018)
 M30 grade used.
 Replacing by (10%-100%).
 Up to 30% compressive strength
increased as 30 N/mm2 & at 50% it
is 27.11 N/mm2.
 Higher than target strength.
 50% is preferable, use only for
temporary works. Low cost.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE
AUTHOR
&
YEAR
11 Recycled
concrete
aggregate
Study of
Optimizatio
n of
Recycle
Coarse
Aggregate
on Strength
Characteris
tics of
Different
Grades of
Structural
Concrete
Er.
Nirmaljeet
and Er.
Vikram
(2017)
 M25,M30,M35 grades are used.
 coarse aggregate with recycled
aggregate and also the cement
replaced by fly ash.
 72 cube and 36 beam were casted.
 Cement replace by fly ash
(15%,25%) increase workability.
 suitable for lower strength mix.
 In M35 grade 100% replacement
RCA with fly ash 25% time, the
maximum strength is attained.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE
AUTHOR
&
YEAR
12. Recycled
concrete
aggregat
e
‘Experimen
tal
investigatio
n on
concrete
with
replacement
of coarse
aggregate
by
demolished
building
waste with
steel fiber
(lathe
waste)
S. Sakthivel
et al. (2017)
 Mix ratio of 1:1.2:2.8 is used .
 40,50&60% of DCA with 1% of
steel fiber replaced by the weight
of coarse aggregate.
 Replacement of DCA and steel
fiber gives better result in
compression and tension.
 40% DCA and 1%SF replacement
by CA gives better compressive
strength up to 1.27% increased.
 Split tensile strength increased up
to 1.11% and Flexural strength of
1.29% increased.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
13. Recycled
concrete
aggregate
Strength of
concrete by
replacement
of coarse
aggregates
with waste
rubber and
demolished
waste
materials
B. Govinda
Rajulu et al.
(2017)
 M30 produced with different
percentage replacement (0%, 10%,
20%, and 30%).
 recycled aggregate had 2.5, 3% of
water absorption.
 recycled aggregates with recycled
tire rubber had less compressive
strength than conventional one.
 SP gives good workability and
maximum strength
 compressive strength reduced
when increase the RCA above
20%.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR
14.
Recycled
concrete
aggregate
Mechanic
al
Strength
Properties
of RCA
Concrete
Made by a
Modified
EMV
Method
Namho Kim
et al. (2016)
 (EMV) mix design, along with
a conventional (ACI) mix
design is used.
 modulus of elasticity of the
concrete get increased.
 replacement ratio of RCA
influence compressive strength
and the modulus of elasticity.
 EMV with ACI reduce the
cement and sand use.
 compressive strength reduced
depend on age of the concrete
and amount of mortar used.

S.N
o
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE AUTHOR
& YEAR RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
15.
Rise
husk ash
(rha)
Study on
concrete
with rice
husk ash
Ayesha
Siddika1et
al. (2018)
 M35 mix is used .
 RHA gets high pozzolanic
activities.
 required controlled incineration
temperature from 500-700 °C
and the specific surface area up
to 150 m2 /g.
 cement replaced by the RHA is
10% and 15%.
 RHA in huge amount reduce the
concrete strength due to
chemical attack.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE
AUTHOR
& YEAR RESULTS& DISCUSSION
16. Volcanic
ash
Particle Size
Effect of
Volcanic
Ash towards
Developing
Engineered
Portland
Cements
Kunal
Kupwade-
Patil et al.
(2018)
 Replace cement by 10 to 50%.
 Up to 40% opc can be partially
replaced by volcanic ash provide
better results.
 reduction in strength and rusting
of the reinforcement due to
Presence of various chlorides in
volcanic ash which decreases the
durability.
 Cost of the material is high.
 Testing of the material cost also
high.
 Not suitable for low cost concrete
making.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE TITLE
AUTHOR
17.
Sugarcan
e bagasse
ash
(SCBA)
Utilization
of
sugarcane
bagasse ash
in concrete
as partial
replacement
of cement
Sajjad Ali
Mangi et al.
(2017)
 M20 and M15 with (0-10%) of
SCBA replacement.
 5% will increase the compressive
strength up to 12% than
conventional.
 increase the workability
18.
Sugarcan
e bagasse
ash
(SCBA)
Constructio
n Products
with
Sugarcane
Bagasse
Ash Binder
S. Deepika
(2017)
 added alkaline by product
increase the durability.
 possibility of replacement up to
20% had no harmful effect on
concrete (i.e., increase the
strength).

S
.No
WASTE
TYPE TITLE
AUTHOR
19.
Ground
granulate
d blast
furnace
slag
(GGBS)
Study on
Partial
Replacem
ent of
Cement
by
Ground
Granulate
d Blast
Furnace
Slag
(GGBS)
and Sand
by
Garbage
ASH
Krishnaveni
.S et al.
(2018)
 GGBS replaced by cement in
40% and garbage ash replaced in
various percentage 0,10,20,30%
for M30.
 GGBB reduce the amount of
CO2 emission.
 compressive strength increased
when increasing amount of
GGBS with cement.
 Most suitable mix is 40%
GGBS+garbageash10,20% mix.
 cost of GGBS is 3 times less
than the cost of the cement
including packing, transporting.

S
.No WASTE
TYPE
TITLE
AUTHOR
20.
Ground
granulat
ed blast
furnace
slag
(GGBS)
Strength
Characteri
stics of
GGBS and
Steel Slag
based
Binary
Mix
Concrete
K.
K.Siddharth
a et al.
(2018)
 partial replacement of GGBS
and steel slag instead of cement
and FA.
 cement by GGBS in the
percentage of 40%, 50% and
60% and FA by steel slag is
10%, 20% and 30% .
 compressive strength decreased
in composite binder and split
tensile strength gets increased.
 Increasing amount of steel slag
may cause corrosion.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE TITLE
AUTHOR
21.
Ground
granulate
d blast
furnace
slag
(GGBS)
An
experimental
investigation
on partial
replacement
of cement
with GGBS
and fly-ash
in rigid
pavements
Dumpati
Mamatha et
al. (2018)
 GGBS and Fly Ash replaces
the cement at 20%, 40% and
20%,30%.(M40).
 water cement ratio was
maintained at 0.45 for all
mixes.
 65% of strength is achieved
at 7th day.
 speedy construction is
possible.
 design with 20% fly ash and
40% GGBS as sole binder
with cement gives economic
design with better strength.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE TITLE
AUTHOR
& YEAR RESULTS & DISCUSSION
22.
Ground
granulate
d blast
furnace
slag
(GGBS)
Experimental
Investigation
on Partial
Replacement
of Cement by
GGBS
N
Sellakkannu
and Roshini
P (2017)
 M30 mix with The super
plasticizer used for concrete
making (Fosroc Conplast
SP430 DIS, Sulphonated
Napthalene Formaldehyde).
 reduce the amount of heat
produced in hydration.
 cement by the GGBS is 30%.
GGBS increase the surface
finish and reduce the
bleeding.

S.
No
WASTE
TYPE
TITLE
AUTHOR
23.
Ground
granulat
ed blast
furnace
slag
(GGBS)
Study on
partial
replacement
of cement
by ground
granulated
blast
furnace slag
(GGBS)
B.Kaviya et
al. (2017)
 M35 mix with partially
replacing cement by (GGBS)
used are 30, 40 and 50.
 Water cement ratio is 0.46.
 30% replacement of cement by
GGBS
 GGBS increase beyond 40% by
the weight of cement is reduce
its strength.

MATERIAL FINALIZATION& GRADE
OF MIX
From above studies, the Recycled Concrete Aggregate
(RCA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is
suitable for low cost concreting without affecting strength of the
concrete. From studies suitable range of replacement of RCA
and GGBS is 30% by the weight of coarse aggregate and cement
respectively.
As per IRC 44: 2017- guidelines for cement concrete mix
design for pavements recommends, minimum M40 grade of
concrete (flexural strength 4.5 MPa) for construction of normal
concrete pavements. For rural roads minimum M30 grade of
concrete (flexural strength 3.8 MPa) recommended to be used.

METHODOLOGY
CONCLUSION
RESULT
ANALYSIS DISCUSSION
TESTING
PREPARING MIX DESIGN
MATERIAL COLLECETION
GGBS RCA
GAP IDENTIFICATION BASED ON LITERATURE REVIEW
IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WASTE MATERIAL FROM STUDY
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

TYPE OF TESTS (for upcoming project)
PROPERTY TYPE OF TEST TEST METHODS
Specific gravity Specific gravity IS:2386(part3)
Toughness Aggregate impact test IS:2386(part4)
Hardness Loss angeles abrasion
test
IS:2386(part5)
Setting time Consistency test IS: 4031(part4)
Workability Slump cone test IS:1199-1959
Consistency of fresh
concrete
Flow table test
Compressive strength Compressive strength IS:516-1959
Tensile strength Split tensile strength
Durability test for
harden
concrete
Acid attack test

CONCLUSION
Based on literature survey It was concluded that waste
materials the Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) will be used in
the percentage of 0, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40% by the weight of coarse
aggregate and (GGBS) will be replaced in the percentage of 0, 20,
25, 30, 35, 40% by the weight of cement is suitable for low cost
concreting without affecting strength of the concrete. As per IRC 44,
M30 grade was chooses for testing. From literature survey the
characters of GGBS and RCA studied. The defects of using RCA like
increase water absorption and reducing workability is compensated
by GGBS. Because GGBS increase stiffness, reduce porosity in
concrete mix.

FUTURE WORK
1. Preparation of rigid pavement mix of M30 as per IRC44:2017.
2. To find workability of M30 mix for various replacement
percentage an find toughness and hardness characters of RCA.
3. Evaluate strength characters for various replacement
percentages. Durability check for various replacement
percentages.
4. To find various stresses in rigid pavement and Analyze the
replaced concrete compared with conventional mix.
5. Identify optimum percentage for replacement of GGBS and
RCA and low cost concreting.

REFERENCE
Ahmad K. Jassim (2016), ‘Recycling of Polyethylene Waste to
Produce Plastic Cement’. ‘14th Global Conference on Sustainable
Manufacturing’ . Vol8, pp.635-642.
Anagha Kalpavalli, Dr. S. M. Naik (2015), ‘Use of Demolished
Concrete Wastes As Coarse Aggregates in High Strength Concrete
Production’. ‘International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT)’. Vol4,no7, pp-1040-1044.
Animesh Awasthi, Gourav Soni, Ram Bharosh (2018) ‘Study of
Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Silica Fume as Partial
Replacement for Cement’. ‘International Journal of Advance
Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology’. Vol4, no.2,
pp.239-246.

Antonio López-Uceda , Jesús Ayuso, José Ramón Jiménez ,
Francisco Agrela , Auxiliadora Barbudo and Jorge De Brito (2016).
‘Upscaling the Use of Mixed Recycled Aggregates in Non-
Structural Low Cement Concrete’. ‘‘multidisciplinary digital
publishing institute(MDPI)’. Vol9, pp.91-107.
Ayesha Siddika, Md. Abdullah Al, Mamun,Md.Hedayet Ali (2018).
‘Study on concrete with rice husk ash’. ‘springer-Innovative
Infrastructure Solutions’. Vol3, pp.1-9.
B. Govinda Rajulu, Dr. CH. Kannam Naidu, S. Ramlal (2017).
‘Strength of concrete by replacement of coarse aggregates with
waste rubber and demolished waste materials’. ‘International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)’.
Vol8.,no.3, pp.304-313.
Continue…

B.Kaviya.R, Arju Rajkumar.P, Ramakrishnan.S,Subash.S
(2017). ‘Study on partial replacement of cement by ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)’. ‘International Journal of
Pure and Applied Mathematics’.
Vol116,no.13, pp.411-417.
Bahador Sabet Divsholi, Tze Yang Darren Lim, and Susanto
Teng (2013). ‘Durability Properties and Microstructure of
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Cement Concrete’.
‘International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials’.
Vol8, no.2, pp.157-164.
Baskaran.p, Karthickkumar.M, Krishnamoorthy.N ,
Saravanan.P,Hemath Naveen K.S, K.G.Vinothan (2017).
‘Partially Replacement of Fine Aggregate with GGBS’. ‘SSRG
International Journal of Civil Engineering ( SSRG - IJCE)’.
Vol4, no2, pp.46-54.

Cement Industry in India, Production of cement by different
companies in India. [Online] available at
<https://business.mapsofindia.com/cement/> , accessed on july
9,2015.
Dr. Ramakrishna Hegde, Prof. Shrinath Rao K, Shashank H ,
Shivaraja Hanumantha Madar (2018). ‘A Study on Strength
Characteristics of Concrete by Replacing Coarse Aggregate by
Demolished Column Waste’. ‘International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT)’.
Vol7,no.6, pp.386-396.
Dumpati Mamatha, T Ajay , Kiran H P (2018). ‘An experimental
investigation on partial replacement of cement with GGBS and fly-
ash in rigid pavements’. ‘International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology’ . Vol5,no4. pp.3452-3456.

Er. Arvind Singh Gaur , Er. Sachin Kumar (2017). ‘Effect of
Partial Replacement of Cement by Ground-Granulated Blast-
Furnace Slag and Fine Aggregate by Marble Slurry on Properties
of Concrete’. ‘American Journal of Engineering Research
(AJER)’. Vol6,no.1, pp.28-31.
Er. Nirmaljeet , Er. Vikram (2017). ‘Study of Optimization of
Recycle Coarse Aggregate on Strength Characteristics of Different
Grades of Structural Concrete’. ‘International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering’.
Vol6,no.5, pp.203-211.
H. K. SHARMA (2015), ‘Utilization of Waste Plastic in
Construction of Pavement’. ‘International Journal of Advance
Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)’. ‘National
Conference on Recent Research in Engineering and Technology
(NCRRET -2015)’ . pp.1-5.

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RIGIDPAVEMENT

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Ähnlich wie EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RIGIDPAVEMENT

Ähnlich wie EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RIGIDPAVEMENT (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RIGIDPAVEMENT