low input technology, back yard and semi intensive management, scavenging feed base resource

2. Scavenging system of management -
Low input technology
Scavenging, backyard and semi
intensive system

3. Lecture out line
 Backyard poultry
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Free range and semi-intensive system
 Feeding through scavenging
 Feed resources under free – range rearing
 Scavenging feed resource base

4. • Rearing of poultry in small numbers in the
backyards under free range or semi-intensive
system.
• Backyard poultry in India consisting of 5-10 non-
descript birds maintained in extensive system under
zero input conditions

5. • Desi birds in villages constitute as source of ready
money and so called “Walking Banks”.
• Backyard poultry farming will generate petty cash
for house hold requirement
• more beneficial to small, marginal farmers, land less
labourers, tribal and backward class people
• alleviating the protein hunger in rural sections of our
country.

6. • Less land, less investment and minimum
management requirements but can bring about a
sizable income to the rural families
• Feeding is easy by using household wastes, farm
products and green vegetation, besides free
scavenging for waste grains and insects

7. Advantages of Rural Poultry
 low investment, Maintenance cost& risk.
 Needs minimum care
 Eco-friendly
 hardy to diseases
 Thrive well in harsh conditions
 Survive well from predation
 Efficiently utilizes local resources (kitchen waste)
 Blends with the prevailing social structure
and local farming
 Provides nutritional security for the
household.

8.  Easily be integrated with other Agriculture,
aqua & livestock farms.
Generation of self-employment, women
empowerment and gross increase in family income
Provides economic empowerment to
village women.
Serves as an efficient waste disposal system
Can improve rural livelihood.
 Pest control & weed clearance

9. Constraints:Several constraints
that slow down
• Low quality feed
 Poor marketing system
 High disease incidence
 Weak extension services
 Low productivity of country chicken

10. • Low quality feed:
By providing protein supplements
Feed to be formulated with locally available
materials.

11. High disease resistance:
• Vaccination against RD, Fowl pox, MD

12. Poor marketing system:
Middle man dominate the rural marketing
denying the benefit to the farmer.

13. Weak extension services
• Most of the failures are due to:
Lack of knowledge
Lack of experience
In sufficient exposure to poultry rearing

14. • Providing extension services including
management, vaccination, disease
diagnosis, market information,
supplementary feed.
* Training programs at village level

16. Chicken with other AH acticvities

17. Chicken with other poultry

18. Flock composition of backyard poultry

29. Women empowerment

31. EXTENSIVE SYSTEM OF HOUSING

32. EXTENSIVE SYSTEM /FREE RANGE
• Rearing of poultry by letting them loose on
ground (field) is known as “Free-range system“
• The birds are let out for foraging during the day
time while at night they are kept in night shelter.
• Provide clean drinking water every day before
birds are let out under backyards.
• We need not provide separate feeding and
watering
• The improved backyard chicken varieties could
not sustain only on scavenging
• backyard chicken varieties could
• not sustain only on scavenging

33. In the back yards….

34. • Rudimentary shelters may be provided by way
of temporary roofing supported by ordinary
poles.
• The birds may also roost outside, usually in
trees and nest in the bushs.
• Feed on kitchen leftovers, Household grains,
insects, worms, depending on the season and
natural food base.

37. SEMI - INTENSIVE SYSTEM OF HOUSING
• combination of extensive and intensive
systems.
• Birds are half-way reared in houses and half-
way on ground or range (Pen and Run system)
• are provided with feed and clean potable water.
• The feed could be a well balance mash or
pellet, or household waste, vegetable waste
mixed with some cheap grains and by products
of grains

38. • The stocking density rate on an average for
adult birds is 750 per hectare.
• This system is usually adopted for duck and
turkey rearing.
• Vaccination and disease control

39. FEEDING THROUGH SCAVENGING
• scavenging conditions - maize, jowar and
millets to meet their energy requirement.
• Scavenge on insects, warms, larvae, snails,
termites, maggots, marine wastes etc.
• sustainability of poultry depends upon the
interplay between environment, local
resources, agricultural practices and skills in
poultry management

40. • Any gap between the scavenge able feed and
the feed required has to be compensated with
supplemental feed.
• Birds can not find all the nutrients round the
year.
• Hence, offering supplemental feed.

41. FEED RESOURCES UNDER FREE
- RANGE REARING
geographical, climatic and agricultural factors
 household wastes
 naturally occurring organic material like worms,
insects, maggots termites etc,
 crop surpluses and their by products
 fodder material and
 grasses, herbs, algae etc.

42. SCAVENGING FEED RESOURCE
BASE (SFRB)
• SFRB is defined as the total amount of
food items available to all scavenging birds in
a given area.
• It depends on the number of households, the
type of food crops grown, and their crop
cultivating and crop processing methods as
well as on the climatic conditions that
determine the rate of deposition of the
food items.

43. SFRB
• If the biomass of the flock exceeds carrying
capacity of SFRB, some birds in the
population, particularly the weaker ones will
die.
• On the other hand survival will be more when
SFRB is more than the requirement of flock

44. • Seasonal fluctuations.
• The land area available for scavenging and the
distance a flock can travel to scavenge will
depend on flock size, feed availability,
population density, agricultural activities,
predators etc.

45. • The SFRB includes termites, snails, worms,
insects, grain from sowing, harvesting by-
products, seeds, grass, fodder tree leaves,
water-plants and unconventional feed
materials

46. • The crop contents can be utilized to determine
the metabolizable energy and protein
components of scavenging feed resources.