Just want to share.I have done this slide but there's other group have done it...urghh crap..:c

1. GROUP MEMBER:
AISHWARYA CHANDRAN
HANIS KHALIESAH BT MOHD FOUZI
FATIN NABILAH BT RIZA

2. USES OF AMMONIA IN
INDUSTRY
 NITRIC ACID
As a raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid in the Ostwald process.
 DETERGENTS
When ammonia reacts with oil from the plants,detergent is produced.
 PREVENT COAGULATION OF LATEX
Latex can be stored for longer period of time before exporting to other
countries.
 PAINT AND COLOURING
Reaction of nitric acid and organic compound can produce various types of
colouring.
 SYNTHETIC FABRIC
Ammonia is used to synthesis the synthetic fabric such as nylon.
 EXPLOSIVE(TNT)
Reaction of nitric acid and toluena produces explosive material.
 COOLING AGENT
Ammonia is used as cooling agent in the refrigerator because ammonia is
highly compressible,high heat capacity,low boiling point and very volatile.
 Dry cells
Ammonia is used to produce ammonium chloride for an electrolyte in dry
cell

3. THE MANUFACTURE OF
NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
 Ammonium sulphate
Ammonia reacts with sulphuric acid through
neutralisation to produce ammonium sulphate.
2NH4(aq) +H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)
 Ammonium nitrate
Ammonia reacts with nitric acid through neutralisation to
produce ammonium nitrate.
NH3(aq)+HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)
 Urea
Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide at temperature of 200
C a pressure of 200 atmosphere to produce urea
2NH3(aq)+ CO2(g) CO(NH2)2(S)+H2O(L)

4. Ostwald process
 Ammonia is converted into nitric acid by following
this steps:
 Stage 1
Ammonia is oxidised to nitrogen monoxide gas in the
presence of platinum as the catalyst.
4NH3 + 5O2 platinum 4NO + 6H2O
• Stage 2
Nitrogen monoxide is further oxidised to nitrogen
dioxide.
2NO + O2 2NO2
• Stage 3
Nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to produce nitric
acid.
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3

5. The Properties Of Ammonia
o Colourless and pungent gas
It is less dense than air.
o Alkaline gas
Ammonia turns the damp red litmus paper to blue.
o Very soluble in water.
An inverted filter funnel is used to
prevent the sucking back of water.
o To test for ammonia gas
Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to
to form white fumes of ammonium chloride.
o Neutralisation
Ammonia is a weak alkali which reacts with dilute acids in neutralisation to
produce salts.
o Does not burn in air
Ammonia gas burn in oxygen to produce nitrogen monoxide gas.
o Reacts with aqueous metal ions
Aqueous solutions of ammonia react with metal ions(except Na+ , K+ and
Ca2+) to produce precipitate of metal hydroxides.

6. The Industrial Process in the
Manufacture of Ammonia
 Massive production of ammonia n an industrial sector
is known as Haber process.
 Nitrogen gas used in Haber process is obtained from
the fractional distillation of liquid air.
 Hydrogen gas can be obtained by 2 methods:
 Reaction between steam and heated coke(carbon).
H2O+C CO+H2 mixture is known as
water gas.
 Reaction between steam nd natural gas consist
mainly of methane,CH4.
2H2O+CH4 CO2+4H2

8. Ammonium Fertilisers
 Nitrogen is absorbed by plants in the form of soluble
nitrates to produce protein.
 Ammonium fertilisers are chemical fertilisers that are
used to replaced elements in soil used up by plants.
 Ammonium ions, can be converted into
nitrate ions by bacteria living in the soil.
 The fertiliser with higher percentage of nitrogen is
more effective and this can be determined as below:
Mass of nitrogen
= —————————————— ×100%
Relative molecular mass of fertiliser

9. Example:
 Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in
ammonium sulphate,(NH4)2SO4.[Relative atomic
mass:N,14;H,1;S,32;O,16]
Answer:
Relative molecular mass of(NH4)2SO4
=2 [14 + 4 (1) ] + 32 + 4 (16) =132
1 mol (NH4)2SO4 consistsof 2 mol atoms of nitrogen.
Percentage of nitrogen in 1 mol of (NH4)2SO4
= 2 (4) × 100 % = 21.2 %
132