deals with basic consept related to linkages in between Globalization and the degradation of the environment. also suggests possible options to meet the chalange of environmental degradation in globalized environment

1. Dr. Gunwant Joshi
Scientist

2. • As Ecological Processes do not
respect National Boundaries, and
the Environmental problems often
have impacts beyond Borders.

3. The Story of a Goose that
laid Golden Eggs

4. • Deforestation
• Soil degradation
• Desertification
• Loss of biodiversity
• Air Pollution
• Acid rain
• Greenhouse effect
• Ozone depletion
• Water contamination
• Importation & Disposal of Toxic Wastes

5. World Population Growth - AD 01 to 2000

6. More People : More Resources: More Goods
“A persons Foot Print is the total area in Global
Hectares required to sustain his/her Lifestyle”
Bill Rees & Math Wackernagel,1996
Africa : 1.36 (Mozambique:0.47 & Burundi : 0.48)
China : 1.54, India : 1.5
UK: 5.35, US : 9.7

7. If human race has to survive
on the planet,
we must reorganize our ability
to Act and Think on a global scale
with more
responsibility
The Way what we call…..

8. “The Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of future
generations to meet their own
need”
The current debate on globalization
is however de-linked from it’s
Environmental roots and Context

9. “ Globalization describe the cross-border
relations between countries.” , i.e., the growth in
international exchange and interdependence.
It is an on going process of global integration of :
 Economies & Production processes that includes trade,
capital- flows and investment .
 System of Polity, Governance, and bureaucratic set-up.
 Information & Information Technology.
 Culture.

13. GLOBALIZATION

14. The onset of
often casts what is known as
“ The extent of Environmental impact of a
Nation state in jurisdiction beyond
it’s sovereign control ” (Dauvergne, 1997)

15. Milestones in World dialogue
• 1972: UN conference on Human Environment
– 26 pt declaration on Human Environment
– Action Plan with 109 recommendations
– Resolution on Institutional & Financial arrangements
– Decision to launch UNEP
• 1987: Brundtland Commission
– Concept of Sustainable Development defined
• 1992: Rio summit
– Agenda Global Sustainable Development
• 2002: Johanesberg summit
– Sustainable Development reviewed

16. The Great (North :South) Divide

17. Name of the agreement Opened Entered into force Website
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 1946 1948 www.iwcoffice.org
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as 1971 1975 www.ramsar.org
Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping 1972 1975 www.imo.org
Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of 1973 1975 www.cites.org
Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living 1980 1982 www.ccamlr.org
Resources (as part of the AntarcticTreaty System)
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1987 1989 www.unep.org/ozone
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of 1989 1992 www.basel.int
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 1993 www.biodiv.org
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS) 1982 1994 www.un.org/Depts/los
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those 1994 1996 www.unccd.int
Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or
Desertification, Particularly in Africa
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention 1998 Not in force www.unfccc.int
on Climate Change as of July2004
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 2001 2004 www.chem.unep.ch/pops

18. Technological Innovation with Significant Environmental Impact
Innovation Form of Primary Secondary Primary
Change Investment Environmental Effect Motivation
Coal scrubbers End-of-pipe Reduced SO2 Increased energy Environmental
emissions use (-)
Electric arc Process Energy consumption use of scrap (+/-) Economic
furnace Reduced Increased
HCFCs Input Reduced ozone Environmental
substitution depletion
Biodegradable Product change Reduced waste Reduced waste from Environmental
packaging accumulation plastics manufacturing (+)
Thermo-mech. Process Reduced waste Increased energy Economic
pulping water discharges use (-)
Low-solvent paint Product change Reduced smog Environmental
Reverse osmosis End-of-pipe Reduced waste Increased solid Environmental
purification water discharges waste (-)
Counter-current Process Reduced heavy Reduced metal Environmental/
rinsing metal waste inputs (+) Economic
Source: Johnstone, N. "Globalization, Technology, and Environment" OECD, 1997

19. Wealth from Globalization
• Poverty alleviation, better Education, Population
Control and stronger capacity of States & Global
Institutions to implement Sustainable Development
• Technological Innovations & less harmful form of
Production, Shift from Industry & Agriculture to
Service & Knowledge
• Corporate Investments exports Environmentalism
by transfer of Funds, New Technologies and higher
Environmental Standards
• Opportunities to use creative policies and incentives
to tunnel through Kuznet’s curve

20. Tunneling Effect of Globalization
Industrialization Stronger Economic growth
Increased Societal aspirations Stringent Environmental Standards
Stronger Enforcement Cleaner means of Production
Improved Environment

21. Curse of Globalization
• Developed North may burden South with unequal
Environmental costs and Low Environmental
Standards.
• Allows the Multinational Corporatations to plunder
the Globe’s fragile ecosystems.
• Generate consumer prices that ignore the true
Environmental & Societal costs of Production.
• Drive Over-Consumption in North and un-balanced
Consumption in South putting Total Global
Consumption well beyond Earth’s Carrying Capacity.

23. Global Warming?
Clean Development Mechanism!

26. What do we leave for
our children?