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Net snmp API
1.
NET-SNMP API for
v1/v2c
2.
AGENDA • SNMP v1
protocol • SNMP v2c protocol • Net-SNMP Apps – snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpset, snmpbulkget – snmptrap – snmptrapd – Others Apps
3.
SNMP v1 protocol •
SNMP GET : 取得某些OID的值 • SNMP SET : 設定某些OID的值 • SNMP GET-NEXT : 取得某些OID的下一個OID 與值 • SNMP Walk : 透過Get Next去取得整個tree的 資料,只能walk一個OID • SNMP trap : 發生特定事件時,設備主動送 出的封包
4.
SNMP v2c protocol •
SNMP Bulk Get : 用來減少Get-NEXT封包 – Non-Repeaters : 哪幾個OID不做GETNEXT查詢 – Max-Repetitions : 在同一個封包內最多裝幾個 response • snmpbulkget -v2c -Cn1 -Cr5 -Os -c public 172.18.3.43 system ifTable sysDescr.0 = STRING: "SunOS zeus.net.cmu.edu 4.1.3_U1 1 sun4m" ifIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1 ifIndex.2 = INTEGER: 2 ifDescr.1 = STRING: "lo0“ …..
5.
SNMP v2c protocol •
SNMP Bulk Walk : 用Bulk get去取得整個tree的 資料 (只能walk一個OID下) – Cc : 不檢查回傳的OID是否有照順序 – Cp : 印出所查詢的數量 – Ci : 所回傳的資料要包含輸入的OID – Cn : 設定Non-Repeaters – Cr : 設定Max-Repetitions • snmpbulkwalk –v2c –c public 172.18.3.43 system sysDescr.0 = STRING: "SunOS zeus.net.cmu.edu 4.1.3_U1 1 sun4m" sysObjectID.0 = OID: enterprises.hp.nm.hpsystem.10.1.1 sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (155274552) 17 days, 23:19:05 …
6.
SNMP v2c protocol •
SNMP inform : 跟trap雷同,但是送出封包後 要等接收端來的回應,要不然會一直送。
7.
NET-SNMP API -
snmpget 1. netsnmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_open(&session) 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_GET) 4. snmp_add_null_var(pdu, oid, oid_length) 5. snmp_synch_response(ss, pdu, &reponse) 6. snmp_free_pdu(response) 7. snmp_close(ss)
8.
NET-SNMP API -
snmpgetnext 1. netsnmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_open(&session) 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_GETNEXT) 4. snmp_add_null_var(pdu, oid, oid_length) 5. snmp_synch_response(ss, pdu, &reponse) 6. snmp_free_pdu(response) 7. snmp_close(ss)
9.
NET-SNMP API -
snmpset 1. netsnmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_open(&session) 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_SET) 4. snmp_add_var(pdu, oid, oid_length, valute_type, value) 5. snmp_synch_response(ss, pdu, & reponse) 6. snmp_free_pdu(response) 7. snmp_close(ss)
10.
NET-SNMP API -
snmpbulkget 1. netsnmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_open(&session) 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_GETBULK) – pdu->non_repeaters = non_repeaters; – pdu->max_repetitions = max_repetitions; 4. snmp_add_null_var(pdu, oid, oid_length) 5. snmp_synch_response(ss, pdu, &reponse) 6. snmp_free_pdu(response) 7. snmp_close(ss)
11.
NET-SNMP API -
snmptrap –v1 1. snmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_add(&session, netsnmp_transport_open_client("snmptrap", session.peername), NULL, NULL); 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_TRAP) – memcpy(pdu->enterprise, name, name_length * sizeof(oid)); – pdu->enterprise_length = name_length; – pdu->trap_type = atoi(trap); – pdu->specific_type = atoi(specific); – pdu->time = atol(description); 4. snmp_add_var (pdu, binding_name, binding_name_length, value_type, value); … 5. status = snmp_send(ss, pdu) 6. snmp_free_pdu(pdu) 7. snmp_close(ss)
12.
NET-SNMP API -
snmptrap –v2 1. snmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_add(&session, netsnmp_transport_open_client("s nmptrap", session.peername), NULL, NULL); 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_TRAP2) 4. snmp_add_var(pdu, objid_sysuptime, sizeof(objid_sysu ptime) / sizeof(oid), 't', trap); 5. snmp_add_var(pdu, oid, oid_length, valute_type, value) 6. snmp_add_var (pdu, binding_name, binding_name_length, value_type, value); … 7. status = snmp_send(ss, pdu) 8. snmp_free_pdu(pdu) 9. snmp_close(ss)
13.
NET-SNMP API -
snmptrap –Ci (inform) 1. snmp_parse_args() 2. ss = snmp_add(&session, netsnmp_transport_open_client("s nmptrap", session.peername), NULL, NULL); 3. snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_INFORM) 4. snmp_add_var(pdu, objid_sysuptime, sizeof(objid_sysu ptime) / sizeof(oid), 't', trap); 5. snmp_add_var(pdu, oid, oid_length, valute_type, value) 6. snmp_add_var (pdu, binding_name, binding_name_length, value_type, value); … 7. status = snmp_synch_response(ss, pdu, &response); 8. snmp_free_pdu(response) 9. snmp_close(ss)
14.
NET-SNMP API -
snmptrapd • SnmpTrapdMain 1. SIGTERM / SIGINT / SIGHUP / SIGPIPE 2. snmptrapd_register_configs 1. register_config_handler 3. //Process the options & // Process AGENTX 4. init_snmp 5. netsnmp_transport_open_server 6. snmptrapd_add_session • snmp_input 7. snmptrapd_main_loop 8. snmptrapd_close_sessions 9. snmp_shutdown
15.
NET-SNMP API -
snmptrapd handler • syslog_handler (存到syslog) • print_handler (存到檔案) • command_handler (執行對應的script) • axforward_handler (將這個trap) • forward_handler (將這個trap轉送到其他的 receiver)
16.
NET-SNMP API -
snmp_input 1. 先將收到的trap OID取出 – 將SNMP v1 trap轉為v2的格式 2. netsnmp_auth_global_traphandlers 3. netsnmp_pre_global_traphandlers – syslog_handler – print_handler 4. netsnmp_specific_traphandlers | netsnmp_default_traphandlers – command_handler – forward_handler 或 axforward_handler 5. netsnmp_post_global_traphandlers
17.
NET-SNMP other apps •
snmpusm : SNMPv3 安全認證 • snmpvacm : SNMPv3 存取控制 • snmpdf : 看系統的硬碟與記憶體使用狀況 • snmptable : 輸入某個table的OID,會用table方式呈現 • snmpd : SNMP agent daemon • snmpdelta : 持續監控某些OID,若有不同才會show • snmpnetstat : 類似netstat,看目前開啟了哪些port • snmpstatus : 取得網路使用量的資訊 • snmptest : 用來測試Get/Set/GetNext/GetBulk/Trap等功能 的狀況 • snmptranslate : OID與Name之間的轉換
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