The document discusses congestion, its causes such as network overload and traffic disturbances, and potential solutions. Congestion can be caused by network overload, traffic disturbances, security concerns, and irrationality. Proposed solutions include reducing transportation, infrastructure spending, technology fixes, shifting to other modes of transportation, accommodating congestion, and making better use of existing infrastructure. A hierarchical system is compared to a swarm network, noting differences in how control is distributed and the types of engineering used. The importance of using data for situation awareness and social networking is also discussed as a human solution.
10. System Swarm
• Hierarchical • Network
• Locus of control lies • Locus of control lies
with system with individual
• Infrastructure • Behavioural
engineering engineering
• Alienating • Engaging
