ALTERNATIVE POWER SOLUTIONS FOR REMOTE TELECOMMUNICATION BASE TOWERS

1. Renewable Power - Remote Sites Mobile Phone Transmission Towers

2. Repeater Towers Require Power Supply To Transmit Rs.3 Lacs per km of power line extension 10 km = Rs.30 Lacs

3. Repeater Towers Require Power Supply To Transmit Battery Diesel Generator Annual Diesel use 17520 liters ( @ 16 hrs operation per day Rs.700000 per year – only fuel)

5. Alternative/ Renewable Energy for Repeater Towers Intelligent Controller Remote Control thru Internet Micro wind turbine Solar P V Battery Generator

6. Natural Heights for micro wind turbines at no extra cost Reduces turbulence effect Improves Generation

7. The Solar Array

9. The Solar Array

10. 1.Solar charge controller 2.Wind controller and dump load 3.Output voltage control 4.Battery S.O.C monitor 5.Auto DG start stop 6.AC/DC Battery charger 7.Power input output data integrator 8. Remote monitoring & control System Master Controller

12. Wind Turbine Power Generation at Various Wind Speeds 750 500 300 150 Whisper 500 250 200 125 60 Whisper 200 150 100 60 25 Whisper 100 60 45 25 10 Air X 14mph (6.3m/s) 12mph (5.4m/s) 10mph (4.5m/s) 8mph (3.6m/s) Machine type Power Generation per month in kilo watt hour Vs annual average wind speeds

13. Wind Solar Power Generation Vs Diesel Genset Fuel consumption per year 10kw generator 17520 lits pa 12000 (33KW/Day) 9000 (24KW/day) 5000 watts 1800 watts 3200 watts 5kw generator 8000 liters pa 3720 (10kwh/day) 3120 (8.5kwh/day) 1500 watts 500 watts 1000 watts 5kw generator 8000 liters pa 2700 (7.4kwh/day) 2100 (5.7kwh/day) 1500 watts 600 watts 900 watts Equivalent Generator fuel Consumption Generation at 6.3 m/s KW hr pa Generation at 5.4 m/s KW hr/ annum Installed Capacity Solar Photovoltaic Capacity Wind Turbine Capacity

14. Wind Solar Power Generation Vs Diesel Genset Fuel consumption per year Rs.32 Lacs 10kw generator 17520 lits pa Rs.20 Lacs + 4 Lacs Diesel 12000 (33KW/Day) 9000 (24KW/day) 5000 watts Rs.16 Lacs 5kw generator 8000 liters pa Rs.8 Lacs + 1 Lac Diesel 3720 (10kwh/day) 3120 (8.5kwh/day) 1500 watts Rs.16 Lacs 5kw generator 8000 liters pa Rs.7 Lacs 2700 (7.4kwh/day) 2100 (5.7kwh/day) 1500 watts Diesel cost 5 years Equivalent Generator fuel Consumption Cost of wind solar Generation at 6.3 m/s KW hr pa Generation at 5.4 m/s KW hr/ annum Installed Capacity

15. Wind Solar Power Generation Vs Diesel Genset Fuel consumption per year 10kw generator 17520 lits pa 6570 (18kwh/Day 4745 (13kwh/day) 5000 watts 1800 watts 3200 watts 5kw generator 8000 liters pa 2190 (6kwh/day) 1460 (4kwh/day) 1500 watts 500 watts 1000 watts Equivalent Generator fuel Consumption Generation at 4.5 m/s KW hr pa Generation at 3.6 m/s KW hr/ annum Installed Capacity Solar Photovoltaic Capacity Wind Turbine Capacity

16. Wind Solar Power Generation Vs Diesel Genset Fuel consumption per year Rs.32 Lacs 10kw generator 17520 lits pa Rs.20 Lacs +9 Lacs Diesel 6570 (18kwh/Day 4745 (13kwh/day) 5000 watts Rs.16 Lacs 5kw generator 8000 liters pa Rs.8 Lacs + 2 Lacs Diesel 2190 (6kwh/day) 1460 (4kwh/day) 1500 watts Cost of Diesel 5 years Equivalent Generator fuel Consumption Cost of Wind Solar Generation at 4.5 m/s KW hr pa Generation at 3.6 m/s KW hr/ annum Installed Capacity

17. Wind Solar Power Generation Vs Diesel Genset Fuel consumption per year 10kw generator 17520 lits pa 11000 (30kwh/Day 9000 (25kwh/day) 8700 watts 5000 watts 3200 watts 5kw generator 8000 liters pa 3650 (10kwh/day) 3120 (8.5kwh/day) 2500 watts 1500 watts 1000 watts Equivalent Generator fuel Consumption Generation at 4.5 m/s KW hr pa Generation at 3.6 m/s KW hr/ annum Installed Capacity Solar Photovoltaic Capacity Wind Turbine Capacity

18. Wind Solar Power Generation Vs Diesel Genset Fuel consumption per year Rs.32 Lacs 10kw generator 17520 lits pa Rs.43 Lacs + 5 Lacs Diesel 11000 (30kwh/Day 9000 (25kwh/day) 8700 watts Rs.16 Lacs 5kw generator 8000 liters pa Rs.12.5 Lac + 1 Lac Diesel 3650 (10kwh/day) 3120 (8.5kwh/day) 2500 watts Diesel Cost 5 Years Equivalent Generator fuel Consumption Wind Solar Cost Generation at 4.5 m/s KW hr pa Generation at 3.6 m/s KW hr/ annum Installed Capacity

21. Wind map of India

23. Battery use in Cycling Applications Cycle Life Vs depth of discharge 30% 50% 80% 400 1000 1200 ?? 2000 ?? Small smf Large smf

24. Cycle Life Vs Depth of Discharge 30% 50% 80% 1400 2500 tubular

25. Time required for Recharge 80% 20% 5 to 6 hrs + 5 hrs 4 to 5 hrs + 20 hrs tubular smf

27. Battery discharge – recharge profile 80ah = 25% 20ah in 1 hr 300 ah smf 30ah in +10 hrs 40A X 2hr Power cut before full recharge

28. Next discharge 80ah = 30% 50ah in 2 hr 270 ah smf 30ah in +10 hrs Last discharge This discharge 30ah in +20 hrs 300 ah smf

29. Unequal Cell Behavior – Leads to Battery Bank Failure 100% 80% 90% 85%