2. Overview Introduction Application History What is BCI Structure and signals Architecture/Logical structure Brain waves Functionality Future Work Conclusion References
3. Introduction It is the study of brain functions BCI are system that provide translation of the electrical activity of the human brain into command which can control device in real time. An Electroencephalogram based Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between the human brain and a computer.
4. Applications Bioengineering applications: assist devices for disabled people. Human subject monitoring: sleep disorders, neurological diseases, attention monitoring, and/or overall "mental state". Neuroscience research: real-time methods for correlating observable behavior with recorded neural signals. Man – Machine Interaction: Interface devices between human and computers, machines.
5. History- Discovering the Basics 1924: Hans Berger discovers the EEG Analyses the interrelation of EEG and brain diseases. 1970: First developments to use brain waves as input ARPA has vision of enhanced human First step in the right direction
6. History-Monkey first 1990: First successful experiments with monkeys Implanting electrode arrays into monkey brains Recording of monkeys‘ brain waves 2000: Monkeys control robots by thoughts
7. History - … Humans follow More non-invasive than invasive approaches Brain reading by eg. EEG, MEG or fMRI 2004: First human benefits from research
8. KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERS RESEARCH DISCIPLINES Engineering Clinical ... Psychological Neuroscience
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10. Technical operators - caregivers, therapists who are in charge of training someone on BCI operation.
11. End-users -people with disabilities who rely on the system for communication
14. Structure of a BCI 1) Signal Acquisition: the EEG signals are obtained from the brain through invasive or non-invasive methods (for example, electrodes). After, the signal is amplified and sampled. 2) Signal Pre-Processing: once the signals are acquired, it is necessary to clean them. 3) Signal Classification: once the signals are cleaned, they will be processed and classified to find out which kind of mental task the subject is performing. 4) Computer Interaction: once the signals are classified, they will be used by an appropriate algorithm for the development of a certain application.
16. Output Device Any controllable machines For answering yes/no questions For word processing Wheelchair Virtual Reality Usually, Computer screen and the output is the selection of targets or cursor movement
30. Logical scheme of BCI Increase of performance appropriate feature extraction Modification ofBrain Signals Signal Features computer training user training Psychological Effort(Intention) Classification Of Intent Environment appropriate feedback strategy
35. Functionality of BCI Steps for the function of BCI. 1.user wired to a multi-electrode EEG skin cap, which is connected to a pc running BCI2000. 2.user of the signal asked to generate a series of signals. 3.EEG potential record and analyze the signal 4.the software attempt to match these signal to previous recorded signals. 5.at last identified words are wrapped on output devices like-screen or speech synthesizer.
