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Ähnlich wie sistema innovazione USA,Gaia
sistema innovazione USA,Gaia
- 1. David C. Mowery Nathan Rosenberg
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Note : this constrast somewhat with the role of these institutions between other national innovation system
- Small firms have played a significant role such as
- Professional activiy due to the competitive force of the us from countries such as Germanies indusrty and academia. *public funding meant because of the sheer size of the us it outstripped smaller countries because of this reason, like how econmies of scale works>>>>> funded by state goverment and not federal goverment. Aka the central gov did not pay only the people in their local goverments paid.
- Mantengono il catch up
- Tecnological innovatiopn which relied on mechanical skills rather than.. The U.S. Manufacturing associated with a work organisation and a system of hierarchy such as the theories illustrated by Frederick Taylor and the practices of Henry Ford The problem of econmies of scale( of this work ethic) ....redundacies unstable unemployment American system of manufactures Long product cycles
- Influenced by the antitrust policy.--- The Sherman Antitrust Act in the late nineteenth century made agreements among firms to control prices and output of prices and output more frequent targets of civil prosecution.
- small companies moniters environment for tecnological threats and oppertunities through the purchase of patents or firms From 1921 to 1946 industrial research based on chemical ind Glass rubber petroleum industry -40% of labortory 5 states – new york, new jersey , pensnsylvania, ohio and illnois- contained more than 70% professionalism. 60% by 1940 and 1946
- Pardox- explain here enterpreuner.
- Specialmente new technology.Sxonhouse giappone contrario poca mobilita’ all’interno delle impres eimpedisc elo sviluppo. Public equity aiuta sviluppo piu fondi. Microeletronic liberal licensing e cross licencing aiutano sviluppo. Federal antitrust contro at&t aiutano lo sviluppo delle picocle impres enella microelettronica In biotecnologia incertezza nella protezione del copyright non aiuta. nello sviluppo non aiuta. Antitrust aiuta le start up firm, caso at&tnella microelettronic aliberal patent licensing, at e t non puo commercilare attivita al di fuori delle telecomunicazioni.oppotunita.1956 decreto contro ibm, licenza
- General eletric kodak, du pont rdc tant aricerca postwar. Ricerca aplicata vitta anouvi prodotti edivisioni.federal goverment acoount e e sicurezza seguiti d adipartimenti diversi
- Anitrust solo parzialmente responsabile per la formazione delle multinazionali, i primi investitori nella ricerca industriale e influenza la loro decisione di investire in ricerca indutriale, post 1945 antitrust rimane chiave per le multinazionali.
- Permeabilita’ globalizzazione facilita’ scambio conoscenze.