Charging Ultracapacitors

Bram Bruekers & Bart Corstiaans June 17, 2003 Emergency supply with ULTRA CAPACITORS for HF-R ballast

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Agenda Length of presentation +/- 50 minutes PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Agenda PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Present emergency ballast PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Emergency standards PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schematic PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],battery- charger mains detection communication ballast battery pack DALI fluorescent lamp mains 230V~ 50Hz ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Measurements PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Overall design PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Specifications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Block diagram PDC, Eindhoven Charge Converter Ultra Caps Controller Mains Detector + Logic supply Mains 230V~ 50Hz 300-400V 0…10V Logic Supply 2 LED outputs DALI Flyback Converter Dim level  on/off on/off V caps DALI BUS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HF-R DALI ballast Emergency Supply with ultracaps Mains 230V~ 50Hz Fluorescent lamp 300- 400V DALI ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ultra capacitor PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is an ultra capacitor? ,[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Equivalent circuit diagram PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculations ,[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven 8.2 Wh  49.2 minutes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8.2

Advantages and disadvantages when using ultra capacitors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Expectations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

But what if? PDC, Eindhoven V ultracapacitors = 10V, R load = 0.033Ω I = 10/0.033 = 333A P = V • I = 10 • 333 = 3330W ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Charge converter PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Specifications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quasi resonant converter (QRC) PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

QRC, Circuit diagram PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

QRC, Equivalent schematic PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

QRC, principle PDC, Eindhoven 0 tx1 T/2 tx2 T Time I OUT I I V_HB’ V_BH’ 0 tx1 T/2 tx2 T Time I OUT I I V_HB’ V_BH’ 0 tx1 T/2 tx2 T Time I OUT I I V_HB’ V_BH’ 0 tx1 T/2 tx2 T Time I OUT I I V_HB’ V_BH’ 0 tx1 T/2 tx2 T Time I OUT I I V_HB’ V_BH’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

QRC, calculations PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

QRC, simulations PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transformer PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transformer, Requirements PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Transformer Litzwire : - Relatively low current - Litzwires parallel for high currents - Almost no Skin-effect - different winding layouts possible Copper foil : - High current - Equalizing currents when parallel - Thin foil to minimize Skin-effect - Special foil needed to create high leakage PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transformer with integrated L r 3 mm Plastic isolator Secondary 7 mm 9 mm 12.6 mm Primary PQ 35 / 35 core ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Low leakage transformer + Coresize can be smaller + Low power dissipation + Compact design - External inductor needed PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Secondary Primary PQ 35 / 35 core

[object Object],Transformer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Secondary 24 : 3 41.6 uH 7 uH Primary Transformer PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Transformer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Secondary 24 : 3 781 nH 7 uH Primary Transformer PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Transformer Integrated L r possible, bigger core or special construction needed. External primary inductor is a good option. Secondary inductor difficult to realize due to high currents. PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Control PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Simulations PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Measurements PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schematic PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Overall simulations & measurements PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Waveforms PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Performance Charge times: V IN = 240V 5 minutes and 2 seconds V IN = 320V 4 minutes and 32 seconds V IN = 360V 4 minutes and 24 seconds PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Conclusions and recommendations PDC, Eindhoven ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Discussion PDC, Eindhoven Why don’t you just…..? What will happen if…..? What was meant by…..? Is it possible to…..? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Charging Ultracapacitors

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