2. History of Barcode In 1932 business student Wallace Flint of the Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration 1948 Bernard Silver (1924–62), a graduate student of Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia Joseph Woodland ,JordinJohanson, Bernard Silver the three started working on a variety of systems. Their first working system used ultraviolet ink. 20 October 1949 they filed a patent application for "Classifying Apparatus and Method"
3. In 1952 Philco purchased their patent, and then sold it to RCA the same year. when the Association of American Railroads (AAR) selected it as a standard across the entire North American fleet. The installations began on October 10, 1967 In 1966 the National Association of Food Chains (NAFC) held a meeting where they discussed the idea of using automated checkout systems. IBM had designed five versions of the UPC symbology for future industry requirements — UPC A, B, C, D, and E. The U.P.C. made its first commercial appearance at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio in June 1974.
4. Types of Barcode Numeric-only barcode: EAN-13 , EAN-8 ,UPC-A, UPC-E , Code 11 ,PostNet Alphanumeric barcodes: Code 39 , Code 93 , Code 128 ,LOGMARS 2-Dimensional barcodes: PDF417 ,DataMatrix,Maxicode, QR Code Industry Standards for Barcodes and Labels: Bookland EAN encodes ISBN numbers, ISSN and the SISAC Barcode, OPC Optical Industry Association barcode , Co-Operative labels
5. How do you read a barcode? A single barcode number is actually seven units. A unit is either black or white. A unit that is black would display as a "bar". A unit that is white would display as a "space". Another way of writing a barcode unit is "1" for a single unit "black bar" and "0" for a single unit "white space". For instance, the number "1" is composed of the seven units, "0011001" or "space-space-bar-bar-space-space-bar"
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8. Applications of Barcodes Inventory of merchandise sold at retail An automatic update of stock levels Automatic re-ordering of new stock Better marketing information Give a unique identification to every product and every piece
26. Conclusion Thus, we can observed that barcode has its advantages in many fields in Retail arena like better time allocation and decision making in many spheres of retail. Unlike advantages, it has its bottlenecks also like initial cost is quite high while installation and proper training and education is needed to use this kind of gadget in retail.
