1. Cognitivism

2. The learner is viewed as an information processor (like a computer).

3. Merrill -Component Display Theory (CDT) Reigeluth (Elaboration Theory) Gagne, Briggs, Wager, Bruner (moving toward cognitive constructivism). Schank (scripts), Scandura (structural learning)

4. KEYWORDS Schema, schemata, information processing, symbol manipulation, information mapping, mental models

5. Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2 years old). The infant builds an understanding of himself or herself and reality (and how things work) through interactions with the environment.

6. Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 4). The child is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete physical situation

7. Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11). As physical experience accumulates, accomodation is increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences.

8. Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Formal operations (beginning at ages 11 to 15). Cognition reaches its final form. By this stage, the person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgements.

9. Dewey Learning to think Not just doing something, but reflecting and learning from it.

10. Bruner Knowledge is a process, not a product. Taughthow to analyse problems

11. Ausubel Relating new learning to thing that they already know. Bridging.

12. In order to learn, understandingis necessary.

13. Gardner-Multiple Intelligence 7 Intelligence areas Lingustic Logical Bodily Spacial Interpersonal Intrapersonal Musical