1. Wednesday, November 18 Orthoses : passive, powered Hand movers Ankle rehabilitators Walking Lab

3. AFO adjustable for PF correction DAAJ

4. Knee stability in an AFO Standard Metal AFO: 375 in. lbs. 60% reduction In Quad torque

5. Types of ankle bracing

6. More types

7. Powered Gait Orthoses Hydraulic Actuation (Seireg et al 1981) Five DOFs (2 at hip, 1 at knee, 2 at ankle) Good and simple design and analysis Bulky and unusable because of the current state of technology linear DC motor (Ruthenberg et al 1997) 4 bar linkage and CAM system One DOF run by a Battery pack and control system Mechanized hip and knee with cam-modulated linkage for knee function Peak power usage ~ human walking May be a practical means for paraplegic gait?

8. Powered ankle http://www.ossur.com/prosthetics http://www.ossur.com/bionictechnology/propriofoot

9. Functional Electrical Stimulation Can re-animate paralyzed muscles External or internal electrodes User triggered with switches. How else? Most are open loop, but reflexes not necessary for rhythmic motions. Problem because cutaneous nerves are stimulated first. Also larger motoneurons have lower threshold.

10. Functional Arm Orthoses See also pp. 319 yellow

11. FES

12. Correcting muscle Atrophy Atrophy is the loss of muscle mass Present methods for preventing atrophy Myoplasty Myodesis Implantable devices Continuation of Class 5 on muscles

13. Elasticity (All or none) Time scale

14. Muscle adaptation Two types : fast and slow or twitch and tonic white and red Interchangeable Fibers extend full length of muscle

15. Bion (Loeb et al.) BIONs are individually addressable, single channel stimulators that can be injected in or near muscles and nerves to treat paralysis, spasticity and other neurological dysfunctions. BIONs receive power and digital commands from an externally worn RF transmitter coil and generate precisely timed, current-regulated electrical stimulus pulses.

16. System for functional electrical stimulation Non-polarizable High surface area Prototypes of Bion2 have sensing capability for acceleration, & proximity. Galvani discovery of electricity

17. The BION™ A system using BIONs consists of a personal computer, a transduction coil, and the associated implantable BIONs A computer can control up to 256 BIONs at a time What are present uses for the BION? 560 KHz carrier, need 20 Hz stim E Storage in body’s capacitance

18. Flow Charts of BION Operation Implantable Device

21. External computer controls BION™ activationBattery Powered Switch to turn power on or off

22. Idea for Bion in Preventing Atrophy Currently bions are controlled by an outside source, the personal trainer Goal would be to have the body control the computer that controls the bions. The trick would be creating a component that would be able to sense/detect an action potential along the severed nerve and use that signal to activate the bions.

23. Some Applications Shoulder Subluxation

24. Hand assist devices

25. Without a glove May be difficult for a paralytic hand to don.

27. Ankle Exercisor Drop foot is due to central paralysis; injury, I.e. PTT; osteoarthritis; Charcot foot.

28. Range of Motion Ankle Rehabilitator An inverted joystick interface to computer.

29. Rehabilitation Engineering

30. Linking virtual to real world