1. “The Sick Man of Europe”
“The Sick Man of Europe”
OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
Period V: 17501900

2. The Greatest Extent of Ottoman Rule

3. I. Problems: (1750-1800s)
A. Ended Policy of Fratricide (When the Sultan
must kill all of his brothers) Led to succession
of weak sultans led to power struggle between
ministers, religious experts, and
Janissary
__________________ commanders.
B. Elite factions developed – resulted in split of
Empire and vast corruption
_____________. Local officials
and land owning classes cheated the sultan and
peasantry by skimming taxes.
C. Competition of imported goods from Europe
led to a decline of the Ottoman economy.
handicraft
Inflation and decline of ________________ industry
resulted in ___________________ on European
dependence
goods. As a result, riots by merchants and
artisans took place.
Janissary
D. __________________ military lacked leadership,
resources, and modern weaponry and training.

4. II. Losses
A. Following the failed siege of
Vienna
_____________ in 1683, the
Austrian Hapsburg
Dynasty took all of Hungary
and the Northern Balkans
(1699-1791)
Russian
B. The _________________
Empire, looking for a warm
water port in the Black Sea,
took Crimea and land in the
British
Caucasus In 1780s. The
French
_______________ and
_______________ later
stopped them during the
Crimea War of 1854-1856.

5. C.
Mamluks
Egypt
Napoleon defeated the _______________ regime that ruled __________ in
1798. Murad, the Leader of the Mamluks said Napoleon was nothing
but a donkey boy whom he would soon drive from his lands. However,
the firepower and tactics of the French legions easily defeated the
British
Mamluk cavalry. Napoleon was later chased out of Egypt by the
_____________ but the attack sent shockwaves throughout the Muslim
world.
Greek
D. __________________ independence in 1830.
E. Serbian independence in 1867
F. By 1870, almost all of the Balkans and Northern Africa was out of
Ottoman control.

7. The Great
The Great
Game
Game
III. Ottoman
Survival:
A. Balance of Power
B. Crimean War: British
and French supported the
Ottoman Empire to prevent
the Russians from taking
Istanbul and threatening
Mediterranean sea trade.
The Ottoman’s were known
as “The Sick Man of
Europe".

8. “Defensive Modernization”
1.
Selim III (1789-1807) – Selim III tried to
improve the administration and build a new
army and navy. However, he was seen as a
assassinated
threat to Janissary power. The Janissary
revolted and ______________ Selim III.
2.
Mahmud II (1826-1860s) – He used
Secret professional army
European advisors to train a
______________________.
Can a Muslim people modernize without
I Will carry
out your
sacrificing their essential religious character?
reforms!
Loss of Identity!
Loss of Identity!
C. Internal reforms were difficult to accomplish due to
conflicts within the ruling elite. Some wanted western
changes, others wanted return to old traditions, and
some wanted no changes at all.

9. Auspicious Incident: Defeat of Janissaries
2.
Film
Clip
Mahmud II tricked the Janissaries into a
revolt where they were surprised and
overwhelmed by the power of the new army.
Mahmud destroyed the Janissaries and their
supporters and began reforms. He sent
ambassadors to Europe and westernized the
army.
Mahmud II
Mahmud II

10. OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Do Now
Do Now
Period V: 1750-1900
Why would Egypt and the Middle East be an important
Why would Egypt and the Middle East be an important
location for the British and French?
location for the British and French?

11. What event is being portrayed in this paining and
what is the significance of this event?
What Event?
What Event?
Who are these people?
Who are these people?
Where could this be?
Where could this be?
What are they looking at?
What are they looking at?
“Soldiers, consider that from the top of those pyramids forty
centuries gaze at you.”

12. Muhammad Ali
How does nationalism threaten empire?
Rise of Arab Nationalism
Rise of Arab Nationalism

13. Modernization
3.
Tanzimat
The _____________ Reforms – 1839-1876
•
Created a westernized ___________________
University system
•
Began training in science and math
•
Created a state run postal and telegraph system
•
National bank
Created railways, infrastructure, and a _________________
•
Legal reforms to stop corruption – helped religious minority and artisans –
more secular law code
•
Constitution
1876 - _______________________ based on European ideas
•
Little reforms for___________________
Women
The Topkapi Palace
The Topkapi Palace
The Dolmabahce Palace
The Dolmabahce Palace

14. Suez Canal
In 1856 the Suez Canal Company was formed and granted the right
In 1856 the Suez Canal Company was formed and granted the right
to operate the canal for 99 years after completion of the work.
to operate the canal for 99 years after completion of the work.
Construction began in April 1859 with forced laborers digging with
Construction began in April 1859 with forced laborers digging with
picks and shovels. Later, European workers with dredgers and steam
picks and shovels. Later, European workers with dredgers and steam
shovels arrived and the Suez Canal was finally completed in 1869.
shovels arrived and the Suez Canal was finally completed in 1869.
Major improvements began in 1876, however, and the
Major improvements began in 1876, however, and the
canal soon grew into the one of the world's most
canal soon grew into the one of the world's most
heavily traveled shipping lanes. In 1875, Great Britain
heavily traveled shipping lanes. In 1875, Great Britain
became the largest shareholder in the Suez Canal
became the largest shareholder in the Suez Canal
Company when ititbought up the stock of the new
Company when bought up the stock of the new
Ottoman governor of Egypt. Seven years later, in
Ottoman governor of Egypt. Seven years later, in
1882, Britain invaded Egypt, beginning a long
1882, Britain invaded Egypt, beginning a long
occupation of the country.
occupation of the country.

15. The Orient Express

16. Rise of Turkish Nationalism
•Repressive ruler
•Undid Tanzimat Reforms
- Nullified the Constitution
- Restricted civil liberties
BUT – continued westernization of the military
Sultan Abdul Hamid
Sultan Abdul Hamid
Young Turks
Young Turks
•Army officers who forced Sultan Hamid to summon Parliament in 1908 and
eventually removed from power.
•Wanted to modernize and westernize Turkey
•Led to conflict and genocide of Armenians

17. Rise of Turkish Nationalism
1. What was the greatest reform of
the Ottoman Empire during this time
period? Why?
2. Do you think the Tanzimat reforms
would permanently strengthen the
Ottoman Empire or was it too little, too
late? Why?
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Father of Modern Turkey
Father of Modern Turkey