Fundamentals Big Data and AI Architecture

Guido Schmutz
Working at Trivadis for more than 22 years
Consultant, Trainer Software Architect for Java, Oracle, SOA and Big Data / Fast Data
Oracle Groundbreaker Ambassador & Oracle ACE Director
Head of Trivadis Architecture Board
Technology Manager @ Trivadis
More than 30 years of software development experience
Contact: guido.schmutz@trivadis.com
Blog: http://guidoschmutz.wordpress.com
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/gschmutz
Twitter: gschmutz
169th edition

Data Warehouse Architecture
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
Extract, Transform
& Load (ETL)
Bulk Source
DB
Extract
File
DB
Consumer
RDBMS BI Tools
ETL Engine
high latency

Data Warehouse is an architecture
Layered model, controlled ETL, single point
of truth, query optimized data marts
Tested, optimized, quality assured,
„operated“
Standard-reporting, adHoc-reporting on
DWH Base
Perfect and fast for new requirements to
known and prepared data and structures
Data Warehouse ist not „agile“
No free definition and shaping of arbitrary
analytical questions
= Data Production
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/128950981@N04/15452926858

DWH Architecture – what about Streaming Data?
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
Extract, Transform
& Load (ETL)
Bulk Source
DB
Extract
File
DB
Consumer
RDBMS BI Tools
ETL Engine
Event Source
Location
Weather
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Ad-Hoc (SQL) Queries
Low HighStorage Costs
Yes NoSupports Raw Data
Yes NoSupports Streaming Data
Low HighAccess Latency

Initial Idea of a Data Lake …
Adapted from Wikipedia.org
“Reporting,
visualization,
analytics and
machine
learning”
“Single store of
all data in the
enterprise” “Should put an
end to data
silos.”
“Example:
Distributed file
system used in
Apache
Hadoop”

Data
Lake
Data Lake is an Infrastructure
Permanently new Data and Structures
Schema on Read
Really large amounts of Data
Explorative Working (Research)
Established Error-Culture
New user groups ([Data] Scientists)
Freedom of data-choice
Freedom of source-choice
Self-Service Data Labs
adHoc- & One-Shot implementations
Query + Advanced Analytics
= Research & Development
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ian-arlett/34233379390
Data-Lab Interpretation

Schema on Read instead of (only) Schema on Write
"Schema on Write"
• Data quality managed by formalized ETL process
• Data persisted in tabular, agreed and consistent
form
• Data integration happens in ETL
• Structure must be decided before writing
"Schema on Read"
• Interpretation of data captured in code for each
program accessing the data
• Data quality dependent on code quality
• Data integration happens in code
EDWHETLData
Source
Consumer
RDBMS BI Tools
Data LakeData
Source
Consumer
Storage
Script
Data Science
Workbench
Data Science
Workbench
Transform
Transform

Bulk Source
Consumer
• Machine Learning
• Graph Algorithms
• Natural Language Processing
DB
Extract
File
DB
Big Data / Data Lake Architecture
Data Science
Workbench
File Import / SQL Import
“Native” Raw
Hadoop ClusterdHadoop ClusterBig Data Platform
Parallel
Processing
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
high latency

Bulk Source
Consumer
DB
Extract
File
DB
Big Data / Data Lake Architecture
BI Tools
Data Science
Workbench
SQL
“Native” Raw
Parallel
Processing
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Query
Engine

Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL
SQL Export
Data Lake & EDWH Architecture
Bulk Source
DB
Extract
File
DB
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine

Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
Data Lake & EDWH Architecture
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Bulk Source
DB
Extract
File
DB
SQL Export
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine

Bulk Source
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL Export
DB
Extract
File
DB
Data Lake & EDWH Architecture with Streaming Data
SQL
Event Source
Location
Weather
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
“Native” Raw

Bulk Source
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL Export
DB
Extract
File
DB
Data Lake & EDWH Architecture with Streaming Data
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
SQL
Event Source
Location
Weather
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Event
Hub
Event
Hub
Event
Hub
Event
Stream
B
ulk
D
ata
Im
port
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
high latency
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
“Native” Raw

Keep the data in motion …
Data at Rest Data in Motion
Store
(Re)Act
Visualize/
Analyze
StoreAct
Analyze
11101
01010
10110
11101
01010
10110
vs.
Visualize

Event
Hub
Event
Hub
Event Processing Architecture
Event
Hub
“SQL” / Search
Event
Stream
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Low(est) latency, no history
Consumer
Enterprise
App
Dashboard
Stream Processing Cluster
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Event
Stream
Service
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Rules
Engine
• Complex Event Processing (CEP)
• Machine Learning Model
Execution (Inference)
• State Transition
Event
Stream

Event Processing & Data Lake
ServiceEvent
Stream
Data Flow
Event
Stream
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
“SQL” / Search
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
DashboardStream Processing Cluster
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Event
Hub
Yes No
Low High
Yes No
Elasticity
End-to-End Latency
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Rules
Engine
Event
Stream
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
SQL
Export

Event Processing & Data Lake: Lambda Architecture
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data Flow
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
ML Inference
Server
Event
Hub
Consumer
BI Apps
Dashboard
Serving
API
(Merger)
Event Source
Location
Weather
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Event
Stream
Batch
Result
Speed
Result
{ }
Batch Layer
Speed Layer
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine

Event Processing & Data Lake: Kappa Architecture
Event
Stream
Stream Processor V1.0 State V1.0
Event
Hub
Event Source
Location
Weather
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Reply
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Bulk
Data Flow
Consumer
BI Apps
Dashboard
Serving
Stream Processor V2.0 State V2.0
Result V1.0
Result V2.0
API
(Switcher)
{ }
Speed Layer
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine

Integrate existing systems with CDC
ServiceEvent
Stream
Event
Stream
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
“SQL” / Search
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
DashboardStream Processing Cluster
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Event
Hub
Change Data
Capture
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Rules
Engine
Bulk
Data Flow
Event
Stream
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
SQL
Export

Applications participate Event-Driven
Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data Flow
Event
Stream
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Microservice Platform
Stream Processing Platform
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Rules
Engine
Event
Stream
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
SQL
Export

Move Processing to Edge
Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Microservice Cluster
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Rules
Engine
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
SQL
Export

Anyone does what they want
No (central?) documentation
No unique data structure
No unique transformations
No unique KPI definitions
No quality assurance
No data flow analysis
Silo-Thinking
Data avalibility? Security? Auditibility?
= No Data Architecture
Data
SwampQuelle https://www.flickr.com/photos/82134796@N03/10603438015
But be careful ….

Data Lake Zones & Data
Catalog

Data Storage
Landing Zone
Archive Zone
Data Lake Zones
Object
Store
Tape
Raw Zone
Sandbox Zone
Usage-
Optimized Zone
Data Source Data Access
File
System
Event Hub
Object
Store
File
System
Event Hub
Object
Store
File
System
Object
Store
File
System
RDBMS
Object
Store
File
System
RDBMS/
NoSQL
Refined Zone
Object
Store
File
System
Event Hub
NoSQL
In-Memory
Grid
Event Hub/
Store
Disk Service
Disk Service

Data Catalog
Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Rules
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Event
Stream
Event
Stream

(Machine Learning Augmented) Data Catalog
A data catalog creates and maintains an inventory
of data assets through discovery, description and
organization of distributed datasets.
It provides context to enable data stewards,
data/business analysts, data engineers, data
scientists and other line of business (LOB) data
consumers to find and understand relevant
datasets for the purpose of extracting business
value.
Modern machine-learning-augmented data
catalogs automate various tedious tasks involved
in data cataloging, including metadata discovery,
ingestion, translation, enrichment and the creation
of semantic relationships between metadata.

Data Catalog
Data Catalog Features
Ranking on Utilization
Rate Catalog Objects
Maintain Multiple Versions
of Catalog Object
Search & Navigation for
Content
Content Check in/out
Certify Official Versions of
Metadata
Analyze and Audit Decision
Processes
Integrate Data Lineage
Levels of Access to Catalog
Objects
Impact Analysis
API for Search / Catalog /
Mgmt Functions
Track Usage of Catalog
Objects
Integration with IAM
Automated Crawling of
Source System
Catalog Cloud-Deployed
Sources
Catalog Hadoop-based
Sources
Catalog BI & Data
Visualization Tools
Catalog Databases
Integration with self-service
Tools
Classify Catalog Objects by
Business Glossary
Supports user-defined
Tagging
Integrates with Data
Profiling
Supports Data Sampling
Quality Metrics
Catalog Machine/IoT Data
Supports Discussion
Threads on Catalog Objects
Annotate & Comment on
Catalog Objects
Catalog Unstructured Data
with NLP functionality
Semantic Search
Classify Catalog Objects by
Domain
Publish/Subscribe on
Changes of Catalog Objects
AI/ML based
Recommendation
Detect Similar/Duplicate or
Related Data
Easy to use, intuitive GUI
Supports Manual Curation
Supports Automated (ML
based) tagging
Supports ongoing discovery
of new data sets
Natural Language Search
Facetted based Search
Catalog Object Value
Estimation
Incentive-based
Participation
Encouragement
Assign Data Steward

Traditional vs. Cloud Native
Big Data Platforms

Traditional vs. Cloud Native Big Data
Data Local Compute
(traditional)
Separate Compute and Storage
(cloud native)
Worker #1
Disk
Processing
Master Node
Worker #2
Disk
Processing
Worker #3
Disk
Processing
Network
Storage
Disk Disk Disk
Compute #1
Processing
Compute #2
Processing
Compute #3
Processing
Network
Master Node
Network
Separation of compute
and storage – the
fundamental difference
• store data in Object
Storage instead of HDFS
• bring up Compute nodes
only for data processing
• multiple workloads on
separate clusters can
access same data

Traditional vs. Cloud Native Big Data
Traditional Cloud Native
Data Local Compute Yes No
Network Bandwidth Req. Low High
Scalable, shared-usage of Data No (only within cluster) Yes
Persistence HDFS Object Storage
Data Lifecycle Tiered Storage Built-in (cloud)
Compute Hadoop, Spark Hadoop, Spark
Serverless Processing no yes
Infrastructure Hadoop Cluster Cloud, Container
Orchestration
Entry Threshold high low

Data Platform
Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Rules
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
Modern Data Platform

Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Rules
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
On-Premises – Traditional
Hadoop YARN
Pig
HDFS
HDFS
Kafka
Confluent
Hive
Kafka Streams
Spring Boot NoSQL
RDBMS
NoSQL
RDBMS
RDBMS
Atlas
Debezium Streamsets
Flume
Sqoop Flume
Impala
MapReduce
Spark
SparkSQL
Spark Streaming
Zeppelin
Jupyter

Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Rules
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
Oracle Cloud
Kafka
Confluent
Streamsets
Nifi
Streamsets
Nifi
Object Storage
Archive Storage
Object Storage
Archive Storage
Data Science
Big Data Cloud Service
Machine
Learning
Streaming
Data Science
Functions
Visual Builder
Java
NoSQL DB
Data Catalog
Autonomous
Transaction Proc
NoSQL DB
Autonomous
DWH
Big Data SQL
Cloud Service
GoldenGate
Cloud Service
Kafka Streams/
KSQL
SOA Cloud Service
Container Engine for
Kubernetes
Zeppelin
Jupyter
Transfer Service
Container Pipelines
Container
Registry

Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Rules
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
AWS Cloud
Kafka
Confluent
Streamsets
Nifi
Streamsets
Nifi
Zeppelin
Jupyter
S3
S3 Glacier
Deep Archive
S3
Dynamo DB
Redshift
Redshift
Spectrum
Spark on EMR Glue
Snowball
Data Sync
Athena
Presto on EMR
SageMaker
Deep Learning
Containers
Spark Streaming on EMR
Databricks on AWS
Kinesis Data Analytics
Lambda
Batch
Spring Boot
QuickSight
Zeppelin on EMR
Databricks on AWS
RStudio on EMR
API Gateway
Managed Streaming
for Kafka
Kinesis Data Firehose
Confluent Cloud

Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Rules
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Microservice Data
{ }
API
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
On-Premises – Cloud Native
Istio
Kubernetes
Docker
SparkMinIO
S3
MinIO
S3
Kafka
Confluent
NoSQL
Presto
Kafka Streams
Spring Boot NoSQL
RDBMS
NoSQL
RDBMS
RDBMS
Atlas
Debezium Streamsets
Nifi
StreamsetsNifi
SparkSQL
Spark Streaming
Zeppelin
Jupyter

Physical Data Lake vs. Virtual
Data Lake

Physical Data Lake
Hadoop ClusterdHadoop ClusterData Lake
Parallel
Processing
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Consumer
Query
Engine
BI Apps
Data Source 1
File
Data Source 2
RDBMS
Data Source 3
NoSQL
Data Source 4
Enterprise
App
Governance
Data Catalog Data Lineage EncryptionPolicy Mgmt
Query
Data Ingest
DiscoveryCatalog

Virtual Data Lake
Data Source 1
File
Data Source 2
RDBMS
Data Source 3
NoSQL
Data Source 4
Enterprise
App
Data
Virtuali
zation
Query
Engine
Consumer
BI Apps
Governance
Data LineageLogical Data Catalog EncryptionPolicy Mgmt
DiscoveryCatalog
Catalog
Query
Query

Physical Data Lake as part of Virtual Data Lake
Data Source 1
File
Data Source 2
RDBMS
Data Source 3
NoSQL
Data Source 4
Enterprise
App
Data
Virtuali
zation
Query
Engine
Consumer
BI Apps
Governance
Data LineageLogical Data Catalog
Hadoop ClusterdHadoop ClusterData Lake
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
EncryptionPolicy Mgmt
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Query
Data Ingest
Query
DiscoveryCatalog
Catalog
Query

Multiple Data Lakes form a Virtual Data Lake
Hadoop ClusterdHadoop ClusterData Lake 1
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Hadoop ClusterdHadoop ClusterData Lake 2
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Data
Virtuali
zation
Query
Engine
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Source 1
File
Data Source 2
RDBMS
Governance
Data LineageLogical Data Catalog EncryptionPolicy Mgmt
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Query
DiscoveryCatalogCatalog
Query
Query

AI & Machine Learning: Training vs. Inference
© 2019 Gartner, Inc.ID: 354956
Raw Data
Logical Flow of Data
Trained Model
App or Service
Featuring
Capability
Inference
Applying This
Capability to
New Data
New
Data
“?”
“cat”
Deep-Learning
Framework
Training
Learning a New
Capability From
Existing Data
“cat”
Training
Dataset
“dog” “cat”
Logical Data
Warehouse
Edge Device, On-
Premises or
Cloud-Hosted
On-Premises or
Cloud-Hosted

Data Platform
Service
Event
Stream
Bulk
Data
Flow
Bulk Source
Event Source
Location
DB
Extract
File
Weather
DB
IoT
Data
Mobile
Apps
Social
Consumer
BI Apps
Data Science
Workbench
Enterprise
App
Enterprise Data
Warehouse
SQL / Search
SQL
“Native” Raw
RDBMS
“SQL” / Search
Service
Event
Hub
SQL
Export
Storage
Storage
Raw
Refined/
UsageOpt
Stream
Processor
Model /
State
Change Data
Capture
Edge Node
Rules
Event Hub
Storage
Governance
Data Catalog
Parallel
Processing
Query
Engine
Event
Stream
Event
Stream
Modern Data Platform
ML Inference
Server
Microservice Data
{ }
API
ML Inference
Server

AI & Machine Learning: Model Training & Deployment

Backing Service
Integration of Machine Learning Model in application
Trained ML
Model
Trained ML
Model
ML
Serving
ML
Serving
Application
Trained ML
Model
ML
Serving
Application
MLasanAPI
MLinApplication
Trained ML
Model
ML
Serving
Trained ML
Model
ML
Serving
Application
Event Hub
MLandStreamProcessing
Event Hub
Application
MLasaCloudService
Trained ML
Model
ML
Serving

Fundamentals Big Data and AI Architecture

Fundamentals Big Data and AI Architecture

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