1. Volcano observations with ASTER and ASTER image database for volcanoes Urai, Minoru Geological Survey of Japan, AIST

5. Overview of ASTER Launch date 18DEC1999 Platform Terra satellite Orbit 16days polar orbit Observation time 10:30AM Data recorder yes Subsystems VNIR, SWIR,TIR Stereo function yes Total bands 14+1 Swath width 60km Lifetime 6 years Acquired scene Over 1,800,000 scenes

8. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan Nadir viewing image Backward viewing image

9. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan ASTER TIR MODTRAN 2D- SO 2 distribution MODTRAN Plume height SO 2 flux estimation ASTER stereo pair Wind velocity Atmospheric profile Plume height and wind velocity analysis Sea surface temperature SO 2 flux B13 B1 1

10. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan The estimation of two-dimensional SO 2 distribution

11. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan Distance from the vent (km) SO2 flux (ton/day) The estimation of SO 2 flux

13. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise On April 2, 2007, a new 1 km long vent opened at 650 m altitude in the southern part of Grand Brule. The lava flows reached the sea. On April 5 to 6 and over the whole following day, the summit (Dolomieu) crater floor collapsed . ASTER VNIR image taken on June 8, 2005

14. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise October 31, 2006 April 17, 2007

15. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise May 6, 2007 (after eruption) June 8, 2005 (before eruption) VNIR images with 100 m contour

16. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise ASTER DEM difference E-W ASTER DEM profile Depression : 320 m at most Total volume : 9.6 10 7 m 3

17. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise New lava deposit area : 3.85 km 2 Surface temperature distribution derived from ASTER nighttime observed on May 4, 2007 superimposed on ASTER daytime image observed on June 8, 2005

18. ASTER image database for volcanoes △ Rank A (104) △ Rank B (220) △ Rank C (640) Volcanoes monitored by ASTER Global volcano monitoring plan with ASTER

19. ASTER image database for volcanoes Google Earth Version of ASTER image database for volcanoes at http://igg01.gsj.jp/vsidb/image/vsidb.kml

20. ASTER image database for volcanoes Full resolution display of ASTER image database for volcanoes

21. Conclusions The ASTER’s ability to monitor volcanic activities, such as thermal anomalies, topographic changes, volcanic gases, among others, has been validated. A web-based ASTER Image Database Volcanoes is opened to the public (http://igg01.gsj.jp/vsidb/image/index-E.html). The database contains all ASTER images of 964 active volcanoes.