1) Simulations show DESDynI-Lidar could provide topography profiles from Alaska advancing studies of seismic and tectonic processes. Lidar could measure coseismic uplift from past earthquakes with 25m profiles and global georeferenced elevations. 2) Fusion of Lidar elevations into SAR processing could help by providing accurate ground control points, improving baseline refinement and DEM accuracy and density particularly at high latitudes. 3) Initial tests reconstructing Lidar waveforms show potential to study variable terrain and vegetation structure, and measure coseismic offsets over 1m with a single acquisition to guide further study.

1. DESDynI-Lidar for Solid Earth Applications J. Sauber1, M. Hofton2, R. Bruhn3, S. Luthcke1, B. Blair1 1NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 2 University of Maryland 3 University of Utah Mahalo to Paul Rosen & Jon Ranson

4. Alternate approaches for optimizing DESDynI-Lidar coseismic information DESDynI-Lidar + InSAR fusion for Solid Earth Applications --How could fusion of Lidar-derived elevations into SAR processing be helpful?

5. Glaciated seismotectonic plate boundary in southern Alaska Alaska How often do 1899 + 1964 happen at the same time? Is all the uplift due to earthquakes? G of A

6. Right: Example ICESat Waveform (26 m) Sullivan Anticline Variable Canopy H Terraces BEARS! Ground Above: Photo of marine terraces from coastal region west of Icy Bay (and the Malaspina Glacier) Alaska, 1899 M=8 earthquake aftershock zone Thick coastal forest and brush mask important aspects of the geomorphology on aerial photographs, standard DEM, and C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. * ICESat penetrates canopy but density of obs. not optimal for SE processes

10. Offsets become more muted to the west

11. Individual terraces occur at lower elevations on the more westerly tracksTrack 4 I II III Coast III Coast III Coast IV IV IV

12. Number of NCALM returns in 25 meter footprint as a function of latitude along Track #4. The dashed red line (----) indicates the number of points needed to have 1 return per m2.

13. Measuring coseismic displacement in large earthquakes: Measurement of near fault uplift/subsidence with Lidar could provide additional constraints on surface expression of slip in an earthquake, especially for upper crustal faults in a SAR “hostile” environment. SO, could we actually measure coseismic offsets with one acquisition of DESDynI of Lidar? An Interferogram of recent Northern Mexico EQ based on ALOS PALSAR (M. Wei and D. Sandwell). One color cycle or fringe is 11.6 cm of line of sight deformation

14. Track #4 1899 Coast III IV C C G? G? C=G

16. The smaller DESDynI footprint (25 m) with near contiguous along track data and small across track distance would provide denser spatial sampling across an individual SAR scene.

17. The accurate and denser distribution of elevations (GCPs) could be especially useful outside of SRTM window at high latitudes. Multi-Mosaic stage (DEM creation): ICESAT was useful for distinguishing most accurate DEMS because of the vertical accuracy. DESDynI will additionally provide denser along track and across track sampling across DEMs. Flow chart depicting InSAR processing with ICESat control to produce a DEM. Arrows on right represent steps where ICESat-derived elevations are employed for ground control. The processing steps shown in (a) are applied to each of the three ERS image pairs. The processing steps in (b) pertain to mosaicking of the resulting three DEMs into a single composite DEM.

19. Coseismic displacements of > 1 m can be measured with one acquisition set and could be used to guide further acquisitions. Based on our previous studies using ICESat elevation profiles, however, DESDynI-Lidar profiles with an earlier InSAR derived DEM will enable recovery of a common mode uplift/subsidence signal.