This is the basic presentation I give for my workshops. Lots of fun slides and of course you may insert my humor where appropriate.
Thank you for composting!!
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Composting Made easy
1. Composting Basics
Ken Freestone, M.C.
greenwestmichigan@yahoo.com
www.greenwestmichigan.org
2. What you need for composting:
Vessel
Open air
Piled
Fenced
Contained
Materials
Carbon - Brown & Dry
Nitrogen - Green & Moist
Air
Water
Heat
You and your Microorganisms
17. What you need for composting:
Vessel
Open air
Piled
Fenced
Contained
Materials
Carbon - Brown & Dry
Nitrogen - Green & Moist
Air
Water
Heat
You and your Microorganisms
18. What is the right mix?
Too many browns and your compost
doesn't decay swiftly. The bacteria are not
getting enough nitrogen to grow the
colony.
19. What is the right mix?
Optimally, you want to target a 30:1
Carbon:Nitrogen ratio in your compost heap.
Most greens have a 20:1 C/N ratio on there
own. You are just making up the difference.
So double up your browns to your greens and
your C/N ratio for your compost should even
itself out. So, a 1.5:1 brown/green ratio (or
approximately 60%/40%) should approximate
the 30:1 Carbon Nitrogen ratio targeted by your
compost pile.
20. What is the right mix?
Layer two parts leaves and one part grass
clippings and presto, your compost heap
creates its own balanced C/N ratio
21. For the backyard composter, the 30:1 Carbon to Nitrogen
(C:N) ratio is more easily estimated
by a 2:1 ratio of C:N by volume,
i.e., 2 bags of leaves per 1 bag of grass clippings
22. What you need for composting:
Vessel
Open air
Piled
Fenced
Contained
Materials
Carbon - Brown & Dry
Nitrogen - Green & Moist
Air
Water
Heat
You and your Microorganisms
23. Oxygen
Another essential ingredient for successful
composting is oxygen. There are two methods of
decomposition based on oxygen availability:
Aerobic
Occurs as microorganisms use oxygen to transform carbon in
to energy, producing carbon dioxide in the process. Oxygen
concentrations greater than 5% are considered optimal for
maintaining aerobic composting. This is the preferred
method of decomposition in the backyard situation.
24. Oxygen
Anaerobic
Occurs when the oxygen level is below the optimal amount.
Without oxygen, a different group of microorganisms convert
organic matter into carbon dioxide gas, methane, various
alcohols, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide
gas, most of which produce noxious odors. This method
produces compost, but much more slowly (and with more
odor) than aerobic processes.
25. What you need for composting:
Vessel
Open air
Piled
Fenced
Contained
Materials
Carbon - Brown & Dry
Nitrogen - Green & Moist
Air
Water
Heat
You and your Microorganisms
26. Moisture
A moisture content of 40 – 60% is generally considered ideal
for composting. You can estimate the ideal moisture content
using the “squeeze test”. Basically, the compost moisture
should feel damp to the touch and, when squeezed, contain
about as much moisture as a wrung-out sponge.
Moisture content of compostable materials :
•Lettuce 87%
•Peaches 80%
•Dry dog food 10%
•Newspaper 5%
27. What you need for composting:
Vessel
Open air
Piled
Fenced
Contained
Materials
Carbon - Brown & Dry
Nitrogen - Green & Moist
Air
Water
Heat
You and your Microorganisms
28. Super Fast
For those who want to do a little more and produce
composted material faster and a little richer, follow
this procedure:
•Build or buy a container for the compost pile. This
will prevent the material from blowing away or being
scattered by dogs or wild animals
•Spread a portion of the materials to be composted
in a layer 6 to 8 inches thick
29. Super Fast
With more care, it is possible to compost organic
waste in about two weeks. The main requirements
and materials are:
•Need Animal Manure
•Need to Shred all Plant Materials
•Pile must heat to 130° - 150 °F
•Keep well Watered
•Pile Must be Aerated
30. What you need for composting:
Vessel
Open air
Piled
Fenced
Contained
Materials
Carbon - Brown & Dry
Nitrogen - Green & Moist
Air
Water
Heat
You and your Microorganisms
54. Local Composting Resources
Ken Freestone, Master Composter
www.greenwestmichigan.org
greenwestmichigan@yahoo.com
Angela Topp-West Shore Mall, Holland
www.thetreehuggerstore.com
616.396.1710
Dave Smith-Holland
www.gogreenstep.com
55. Wall Street Journal compost system testing video/Hosted on Sierra Club website
http://tinyurl.com/2ej8s8h
Wall Street Journal compost video follow up
http://tinyurl.com/25mom5g
Gardener’s supply company
http://www.gardeners.com/
Gardener’s supply company - How to choose a composter
http://tinyurl.com/dedorf
Red Worm Composting Video
http://www.redwormcomposting.com/worm-composting-videos/
Clean Air Gardening Website
http://www.cleanairgardening.com/
Clean Air Gardening Newsletter – April 2010/composting
http://tinyurl.com/2df3f79
MSU Extension – Simple Compost Pile
http://tinyurl.com/2bohog2
56. Composting Basics
Ken Freestone, M.C.
greenwestmichigan@yahoo.com
www.greenwestmichigan.org