the world of microbes

1. EXAMPLES OF PROTOZOA: AMOEBA,
EUGLENA, PARAMECIUM.

2. Structure of Amoeba:
1. Unicellular
2. Freshwater organism
3. Microphagous feeder
4. Intracellular digestion
5. It’s diet includes bacteria, microscopic plants like the diatoms,
minute algae, microscopic animals like other protozoa, nematodes
and even dead organic matter.
6. Amoeba does not have any specialized structure or organ for
the process of nutrition
7. It takes place through the general body surface with the help
of pseudopodia .
The word amoeba comes from a Greek word
meaning “ to change” The amoeba moves by continuously
changing its body shape , forming extensions called
PSEUDOPODES. The pseudopods also are used to surround and
capture food mainly bacteria, algae, etc.

3. structure of Euglena :
1. Euglena is a large genus of unicellular protists they have both plant
and animal characteristics all live in water , and move by flagellum this
is an animal characteristics.
2. They are single celled organisms
3. Euglena, genus of more than 1,000 species of single cell flagellated
(i.e having a whip like appendage )
4. Microorganisms that feature both plant and animal characteristics
5. Found worldwide , Euglena live in fresh and brackish water rich in
organic matter and can also be found in moist soils .
6. Euglena are characterized by an elongated cell 15-500 millimeters
with one nucleus
7. Numerous chlorophyll containing chloroplasts
8. Euglena , genus of more than 1,000 species single celled flagellated

4. Structure of paramecium :
1.Paramecium has a worldwide distribution and is a free-living
organism
2. It usually lives in the stagnant water of pools, lakes , ditches,
ponds,
3. It’s outer body is covered by the tiny hair like structures called
cilia
4. Fresh water , free living , omnipresent and is found in stagnant
water.
5. Body like a slipper with anterior end narrow and rounded and
posterior and pointed.
6. Body is surrounded by a tough and elastic pellicle.
7. Cytoplasm well differenciated into ectoplasm and endoplasm
8. Ectoplasm is having uniform row of trichocysts and longitudinal
rows of myonemes.
9. Sexual reproduction through endomixis , conjugation or
hemimixis and sexual reproduction through binary fission .

5. FUNGI
Meaning
Derived from Latin word
“Fungous” meaning “To flourish”
Study of fungi “mycology”

6. What are Fungi ?
Fungi are “ not plants”
Defined as a single or multi-celled
eukaryote with heterotrophic ,
absorption nutrition, chitinous cell
walls, and which stores energy as
glycogen.
Or Fungi cannot make their own
food but must grow on their food source
Example: mushrooms, toadstools and
puffballs

7.  Characteristics of fungi
Eukaryotic
Non-vascular organisms
All fungi like warm, moist conditions,
Some fungi are unicellular, example yeast( used to make
bread and beer) , while others are multicellular , example
mushrooms.
Most fungi are saprophytes, meaning they live on and digest
dead material, example wood and bread
Other fungi are parasite, meaning they live on and digest
living things example rust on plants and athlete’s foot in
humans
Typically non motile, although a few eg chytrids have a
motile phase
Both sexual and asexual spores may be product depending
on the species and conditions
Fungi are used in medicines, foods, and some industrial
process

8. THERE ARE FOUR DIVISONS OF FUNGI
1. Deuteromycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Ascomycota
4. Basidiomycota