Pharmaceutical Science

1. PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat 1
Seminar
On
Transdermal Drug Delivery System
By Guidance
Mr. Gore Ashish Subhash Prof. Chemte .S.Z (M Pharm)
(F y M Pharm) Dept. of Pharmaceutics
Branch: QAT
Roll No. 7

2. Content
 Introduction
 Structure of Skin
 Permeation Pathway
 Technique To Enhance Permeation
 Patches
 Basic Component of Patches
 Influencing Factor
 Evaluation Parameter
 Conclusion
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

3. Introduction
Definition
Distinct dosage form which when applied to intact skin, delivery of drug
through the skin at rate controlling to systemic circulation
Delivery via Transdermal route is safe and convenient to achieve systemic
effect
Advantages
 Avoid first pass metabolism
 Avoid GI incompatibility
 Grater patient compliance
Disadvantages
 Potent drug suitable
 Cosmetically non appealing
 Display irregular absorption
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

4. Structure of Skin
Anatomy and Physiology: It comprises
 Epidermis: thickness 0.8mm on palm
and sole down & 0.06mm in eyelids
- viable epidermis (…..)
- stratum corneum (…..)
 Dermis: 3-5mm thickness
 Subcutaneous tissue:
TDD has to penetrate through all these three layers and reach to systemic
circulation while in case of topical drug delivery only penetration through
stratum corneum is essential
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

5. Permeation Pathway
Absorption of substances through the skin involves passive diffusion & has
two diffusion routes to penetrate normal intact skin
Appendageal Route
• Transport via sweat gland and hair follicles with their associated sebaceous
glands → Shunt Route
Epidermal Route
• Entry of drug cross horny layer by two potential microroutes,
Transcellular
Route
Paracellular
Route
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

6. Technique To Enhance Permeation
1. Chemical Enhancer
- acetone, DMSO, SLS, ethanol, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl
formamide, oleic acid, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol
2. Iontophoresis & Sonophoresis
3. Microneedle Array
- height 10-200μm, width 10-50μm
4. Stratum Corneal Removal
5. Pressure Waves
- used very short time 100ns- 1μs
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

7. Patches
For external use, which sticks to skin
Depending to use and action patches are classified as,
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Epidermatical
Patches
• Not include
medicinal
substances, protect
from harmful
influence
• Not irritant
Endermatical
Patch
• Include drug that
have therapeutic
effect on patient
skin
• Act on external
layer on skin
(antiseptic)
Diadermatical Patch
• Includes medicinal
substances and that have
special structure that
ensure penetration
through the skin
• Deeper layer & general
effect on the skin
PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

8. Basic Components
I. Polymer Matrix
II. Drug Substances
III. Penetration Enhancer
IV. Drug Reservoir
V. Backing Membrane:- metallic plastic laminate, occlusive base plate
(aluminum foil)
VI. Rate Controlling Membrane:- chitosan
VII. Adhesive Layer:- silicon adhesive, polyisobutylene adhesive,
polyacrylate base adhesive
VIII. Release Liner:- siliconized PVC, polypropylene, polyethylene
terepthalate
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

9. Influencing Factors
 Skin Age
 Skin Hydration
 Diffusion Coefficient
 Drug Concentration
 Partition Coefficient
 Molecular Size & Shape
- drug absorption is inversely proportional to molecular weight
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

10. Evaluation Parameters
o Thickness of Patch
- digital micrometer
- average thickness and standard deviation are determine
o Percentage Moisture Content
- calcium chloride
% moisture content = [initial weight-final weight/final weight]×100
o Percentage Moisture Uptake
- Saturated solution of Potassium Chloride
- room temp, RH 84% for 24 hrs
% moisture uptake = [initial weight-final weight/final weight]×100
…Continued
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

11. o Drug Content
UV or HPLC technique
o Shear Adhesion Test
- measure time to pull tape off
- longer time → greater shear adhesion
o Peel Adhesion Test
- force require, 180º angle
- stainless steel plate or backing membrane plate and measure
o In-vitro Drug Release Studies
- USP Apparatus V
- UV and HPLC analysis
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

12. 12 Conclusion
In recent year, Transdermal Patches has vibrant development in
pharmaceutical industry. In Pharm industry future progress on
synthesis of prodrug, development of suitable enhancer, solve
irritation problem, cutaneous metabolism.
PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

13. 13 Reference
Novel Drug Delivery System by Dr. Dheeraj T. Baviskar and Dr.
Dinesh K. Jain, Nirali Prakashan First Edition-July-2012, Page no.
6.1-6.36
PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat

14. Thank You !
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PDVVPF's College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat