Valves are used to control water flow, regulate pressure, release air, and prevent backflow. Common types include gate valves, check valves, safety valves, air valves, drain valves, butterfly valves, and globe valves. Fire hydrants tap into water mains and are spaced every 100-300 meters to provide water for firefighting, street washing, gardening, and flushing sewer lines. Hoses can be connected to hydrants and engines used to increase water pressure and flow. Hydrants should be inexpensive, easy to connect and disconnect from hoses, and supply sufficient water, coming in post or flush types.

1. 9.1 Valves
Devices used to control the flow of water, regulate pressures, release air, prevent back flow etc
(a)Sluice or gate or cutoff valve
(b) Reflux or check or non-return valve
(c) Safety or pressure relief valve
(d) Air valve or air relief valve
(e) Drain or scour or blow off valve : Ordinary sluice valve to remove silt deposit
(f) Butterfly valve and globe valve
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2. FIRE HYDRANT:
 Devices used for tapping water from mains for the fire extinguishing, street washing,
watering gardens, flushing sewer lines etc.
 Provided at all road junctions & every 100 – 300 m apart.
 For tapping water, the hose is connected to the hydrant and if necessary the engine is
used to increase head.
 It should be cheap, easily connectable & detachable to the hose pipe and able to give
sufficient water. It may be of post type or flush type.
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3. Fittings
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CHAPTER 8: PIPE APPURTENANCES,
VALVES AND FITTINGS

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Drain valve is also called as scour valve.

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