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DOES NITRIC OXIDE ACT AS A SIGNALING MOLECULE FOR MORPHOGENESIS IN ANURAN INTESTINAL REMODELING? Breitenbach Samantha, Gudipati  Mary Anitha  and  Menon J . Department of Biology, William Paterson University of New Jersey Wayne, NJ 07470 Conclusion s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hypotheses This research was supported in part supported by Center  for  Research (C f R),  and Dean, College of Science & Health, WPUNJ. Acknowledgements References ,[object Object],[object Object],Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materials & Methods NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry Results Stage 60 Stage 66 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Localization of NO in epidermal cells Stage 61/62 (Inhibitor LNMA) Mitochondrial staining by Silver chloride at stage 61/62 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Silver staining ,[object Object],Stage 63 At stage 61/62, NADPH-d histochemistry as well as fluorescence staining for NO showed activity in larval epithelium including typhlosole (3a, 3b, 2c). There were clusters of NO positive cells in anterior part of the intestine (Figs. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d)  in the anterior part of the intestine. Additionally, there were bands (b) of NO positive cells from the outer epithelium in the anterior part of the intestine (Figs. 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b. In the posterior part of intestine, there is diffuse population of NO positive cells (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b) Some of them were apoptotic (ap) and some healthy (h). Tissues treated with inhibitor of NOS ( ι   -NMA) did not show any activity (Figs. 8).  At stage 63, when intestinal remodeling is completed, there were diffuse cells positive for NO (Fig. 9) and no NO positive cells were observed at stage 66 in froglet (Fig. 10).  Stage 61/62 2c 2a Stage 61/62 (Inhibitor) 2b h h ap ap ap h h ap ap b b b b b 8 10 Purple color – NADPH-diaphorase  activity  whole mounts (Figs. 2b, 3a) Bright green – NO positive cells  Black & white – Bright field corresponding with NO Schematic – Fig. 2a Scale bar – 100 µm  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Explanation to Figures:  3a www.medicinelab.org.il/website/FileLib/2FluorescentSolutionsin Cell BiologyIC04-28-06 Note:  Black precipitates of silver showing presence of mitochondria  Scale bar: 100 µm Arrows: Granular localization of mitochondria  11a 11b 11c 11d Mitochondria  exists in living cells   as a large  tubular assembly, extending throughout  the cytosol   (Amchenkova et al., 1988) and form  a dynamic network which gets affected by  reactive oxygen species (Benard et al., 2007).  60  61/62  63  66 58 1a 1b Stage 61/62 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 7a 6b 7b 9 Ty Le 3b

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