Biotechnology has wide applications across many fields including medicine, agriculture, and the environment. In medicine, it is used to produce insulin for diabetes treatment through recombinant DNA technology. Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic diseases by inserting normal genes. Molecular diagnostics techniques allow for early disease detection. Pharmacogenomics produces drugs tailored to an individual's genetics. Edible vaccines grown in plants can provide low-cost disease prevention. Biotechnology also enhances agriculture through increasing crop yields, improving nutrient profiles, developing disease-resistant varieties, and sustaining aquaculture. It has significant potential to contribute to doubling farmers' incomes and meeting the world's growing food demand in a sustainable manner.

1. Application Of Biotechnology
And Allied Field
By: Glena A. Hamad
Supervisor: Dr. M.Thirumal
SRM University College Of Pharmacy
Department Of Pharmacognosy

2. content
Introduction
Application of Biotechnology
Scope of Biotechnology
Reference

3. introduction
What is Biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the technology that utilises biological systems that can
only be achieved through the integration of biological, physical, and
engineering sciences. Biotechnology has tremendous applications in
different fields such as therapeutics, diagnostics, processed food, waste
management, energy production, genetically modified crops, etc.

4. Application of Biotechnology
 Biotechnology is an applied branch of science and Biotechnologists use a
living organism and its systems, or its products, to improve the quality
of life of people. It is a highly advanced branch in today’s world that
utilizes genetic, molecular, and cellular processes to bring about
significant innovation and enhancement in everyday science. It has wide
applications in the food industry and agriculture, the development of
medicines, medical technology, biopolymers, and environmental
conservation.

6. Biotechnology Applications in Medicine
 Recombinant Insulin
 Insulin is required by diabetic patients to remove excess sugar from the blood.
Diabetic patients have a very low level of insulin or no insulin produced by the body.
Therefore, they need external insulin to control blood glucose levels.
 Later it was discovered that the insulin produced by the pancreas of the pigs can be
used by humans. But there were not enough pigs to provide the quantities of insulin
required. This led to the cloning of the human insulin gene.
 The specific gene sequence that codes for human insulin were introduced in E.coli
bacteria. The gene sequence altered the genetic composition of the E.coli cells.
Within 24 hours several E.coli bacteria containing the recombinant human insulin
gene were produced. The recombinant human insulin was isolated from E.coli cells.

7. Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy holds the most promising answer to the problem of genetic diseases. Gene therapy is used
to treat genetic disorders usually by the insertion of a normal gene or correct gene for the defective or
inactive gene into an individual with the help of vectors such as retrovirus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex
virus.
The normal gene replaces the defective or inactive gene and carries out its functions. The therapy has the
highest chances of developing a permanent cure if introduced in the earliest stages of life.
Molecular Diagnosis
Medical diagnosis is another application of biotechnology in the health sector. Many times the pathogen
concentration increases by the time the disease is diagnosed. Hence, early diagnosis and knowledge of
pathophysiology are essential for an effective cure. This can be achieved with the help of techniques such
as Recombinant DNA Technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assay (ELISA), etc.

8. Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics has led to the production of drugs that are best suited
to an individual’s genetic makeup. It can be applied in diseases such as
cancer, depression, HIV, asthma, etc.
Edible Vaccines
Vaccines are obtained by animals and cell cultures. These vaccines contain
inactivated pathogens.
The transgenic plants can produce antigens that can be used as edible
vaccines. Antigenic proteins from several pathogens can be expressed in
plants such as tomato and banana. Transgenic sugarbeet can treat foot and
mouth disease of animals, transgenic banana and tomato can cure
diseases such as cholera and hepatitis B.

9. •Crop farming:
• Productivity of the crops is enhanced using genomics information and interfaces
with wide hybridisation, molecular mapping, etc.
• Crops can be made less input intensive and less prone to biotic and abiotic
stresses.
• Nutritional value of the crops can also be enhanced.
•Animal Rearing:
• The health and productivity of Livestock and Poultry can be enhanced.
• Biotechnology can ensure good breeding and reproductive technologies.
• Disease resistance in indigenous stocks e.g. cattle, chicken, buffalo, sheep pigs
etc. is being enhanced.
• Feed and fodder enrichment can be done by enhancing its nutritional value.

10. •Aquaculture:
• Micro-diets being developed for larviculture, which is
used as food for fish stock.
• Enrichment of aqua-feed with microbial enzymes which
is cost effective at the same time.
• Ensuring the health of the aquaculture environment and
of the aquatic animals
• DNA marker technology is being used in various
species for trait characterisation related to growth,
disease resistance and salinity tolerance and could be
exploited for enhancing productivity

11. There are a number of more applications of the
biotechnology in the agriculture and the allied sectors
which can significantly contribute towards the goal of
doubling the farmers’ income in near future. The need
to the hour is efficiently leveraging the present
technology and adequately investing for innovative
research in this area.

12. Scope of Biotechnology:
 Biotechnology has rapidly emerged as an area of
activities having marked impact on all aspects of
human welfare ranging from food processing,
protecting the environment, human health to
quality of human life throughout the world.

13. The scope of biotechnology can be summarized as under:
(i) To produce more food for the growing population using the available land.
(ii) To raise disease-resistant, high-yielding varieties of crops.
(iii) To introduce harmless bio fertilizers instead of harmful chemical fertilizers.
(iv) To introduce biocides in agriculture.
(v) To preserve germplasm of plants, animals and microbes.
(vi) To produce pharmaceutical products to treat severe diseases in man and animals.
(vii) To produce biofuels for reducing the felling of forest trees for fuel wood.
(viii) To make use of various microorganisms in food making and preservation of food.
(ix) To employ microorganisms in the extraction of minerals from their poor quality ores.
(x) To minimize pollution hazards.

14. References
1. Biotechnology And Its Applications: Meaning, Uses. Written ByMANISHA MINNI
Last Modified 24-01-2023.
Biotechnology and its applications: Definition, Uses - Embibe
2.Application of Biotechnology. Drpreetikachandn Last Updated : 11 Jul, 2022.
Application of Biotechnology - GeeksforGeeks
3. https://byjus.com/biology/application-biotechnology-medicine
4. Discuss the applications of biotechnology in the agriculture and allied sectors. | UPSC Express
5.Biotechnology: Scope and Branches of Biotechnology (biologydiscussion.com)