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1. Gross Anatomy of the Female Pelvis
and Perineum
Fekadu D(M.D)
April, 2018 G.C

2. Contents
• Introduction
• The pelvic girdle
• The pelvis
• The pelvic cavity
• Pelvic viscera
• The perineum
• External genital organs

3. Introduction
• In common usage, the pelvis (L. basin) is
the part of the trunk that is inferoposterior
to the abdomen, and is the area of
transition between the trunk and the lower
limbs.
• Anatomically, the pelvis is the part of the
body surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony
pelvis)
• The pelvic cavity is the inferiormost part of
the abdominopelvic cavity

4. ….continued
• The term perineum refers both to the area
of the surface of the trunk between the
thighs and the buttocks, extending from
the coccyx to the pubis, and to the shallow
compartment lying deep (superior) to this
area but inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.
• The perineum includes the anus and
external genitalia of the female (also called
vulva).

6. Pelvic Girdle
• The pelvic girdle is a ring of bones that
connects the vertebral column to the two
femurs.
• In the mature individual, the pelvic girdle is
formed by three bones :
• Right and left hip bones (pelvic bones):
-large, irregularly shaped bones, each of
which develops from the fusion of three
bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
• Sacrum: formed by the fusion of five,
originally separate, sacral vertebrae.

8. Pelvis
• The pelvis is divided into greater (false) and lesser
(true) pelves by the oblique plane of the pelvic
inlet (superior pelvic aperture).
• The greater pelvis (false pelvis) is the part of the pelvis
superior to the pelvic inlet and is occupied by abdominal
viscera (e.g., the ileum and sigmoid colon).
• The lesser pelvis (true pelvis) is the part of the pelvis
between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet that
includes the true pelvic cavity and the deep parts of the
perineum, specifically the ischio-anal fossae.
• The true pelvis is of major obstetrical and gynecological
significance.

10. Pelvic Cavity
• A funnel-shaped cavity which is continuous with the
abdominal cavity at the pelvic inlet but angulated
posteriorly from it
• The pelvic cavity contains the terminal parts of the
ureters, urethra, urinary bladder, rectum, internal
genital organs, blood vessels, lymphatics, and
nerves.
• In addition to these distinctly pelvic viscera, it also
contains what might be considered an overflow of
abdominal viscera: loops of small intestine (mainly
ileum) and, frequently, large intestine (appendix and
transverse and/or sigmoid colon).

11. Pelvic Shapes
• The Caldwell-Moloy (1933, 1934) anatomical
classification of the pelvis is based on shape
• Specifically, the greatest transverse diameter of the
inlet and its division into anterior and posterior
segments are used to classify the pelvis as
 Gynecoid (favorable & the most common type),
 Anthropoid,
 Android(heart-shaped), or
 Platypelloid

13. Pelvic Viscera
• The pelvic viscera include
-The pelvic urinary organs:
• Pelvic portions of the ureters,
• Urinary bladder,
• Urethra,
-Rectum
-Internal genital organs

14. Female Internal Genital Organs
• The female internal genital organs include the
 Ovaries,
 Uterine tubes,
 Uterus, and
 Vagina.

16. Ovaries
• The ovaries are female gonads in which the
oocytes (female gametes or germ cells) develop.
• They are also endocrine glands that produce
reproductive hormones.
• The ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves cross
the pelvic brim, passing to and from the
superolateral aspect of the ovary within a peritoneal
fold, the suspensory ligament of the ovary
• Arterial supply is from ovarian and uterine arteries

17. Uterine Tubes
• The uterine tubes (formerly called oviducts
or fallopian tubes) conduct the oocyte from
the peri-ovarian peritoneal cavity to the
uterine cavity.
• They also provide the usual site of
fertilization
• The uterine tubes are divisible into four
parts, from lateral to medial:

18. …..continued
1) Infundibulum:
2) Ampulla: the widest and longest part of
the tube where fertilization of the oocyte
usually occurs
3) Isthmus:
4) Uterine part:
-Arterial supply of the tubes is from ovarian
and uterine arteries

19. Uterus
• The uterus (womb) is a thick-walled, pear-
shaped, hollow muscular organ
• The embryo and fetus develop in the uterus.
• The uterus is divisible into two main parts: the
body and cervix.
• The body is demarcated from the cervix by the
isthmus, a relatively constricted segment,
approximately 1 cm long

20. …continued
• The cervix of the uterus is the cylindrical,
relatively narrow inferior third of the uterus,
which is approximately 2.5 cm long
• The blood supply of the uterus derives mainly
from the uterine arteries, with potential
collateral supply from the ovarian arteries.

22. Vagina
• The vagina, a distensible musculomembranous
tube (7–9cm long), extends from the middle cervix
of the uterus to the vaginal orifice, the opening at
the inferior end of the vagina
• The vaginal fornix, the recess around the cervix,
has anterior, posterior, and lateral parts.
• The posterior vaginal fornix is the deepest part
• The arterial supply is from the uterine, vaginal and
internal pudendal arteries

24. Perineum
• The perineum refers to a shallow compartment of
the body (perineal compartment) bounded by the
pelvic outlet and separated from the pelvic cavity by
the fascia covering the inferior aspect of the pelvic
diaphragm
• A transverse line joining the anterior ends of the
ischial tuberosities divides the diamond-shaped
perineum into two triangles:
1) The anal triangle lies posterior to this line.
2) The urogenital (UG) triangle is anterior to this line.

25. Female Urogenital Triangle
• The female urogenital triangle includes the
female external genitalia and perineal muscles.
• The female external genitalia include the
 Mons pubis,
 Labia majora and minora,
 Introitus (vaginal orifice)
 Clitoris,
 Vestibule of vagina
 Bulbs of vestibule, and
 Greater and lesser vestibular glands

27. Thank You