PhD Thesis in Bremen University Germany 2011

1. Supervisors: Professor Dr Michael Gessler : Uni Bremen Professor Dr Noraini Kaprawi : UTHM Professor Dr George Spottl : Uni Bremen Professor Dr Muhammad Rashid : UTM THE ROLE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION IN DEPARTMENT OF SKILLS DEVELOPMENT (DSD) TO ENHANCE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL DUAL TRAINING SYSTEM (NDTS) IN MALAYSIA

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT The DSD need to maintain its position as the main agency to coordinate and formulate skills training activities in Malaysia especially in NDTS implementation. The changes initiated by policy makers to implement NDTS, is not well internalized, understood and shared by DSD officers. There are such flaw must be address include lack of promotion strategies , curriculum development issues, lack of trainers competency , and certificate recognition & accreditation issues. This study had investigated the significant indicators of LO (organizational performance) that will enhance the implementation of NDTS, and to propose the Model of Roadmap in order to improve LO practices at DSD. Such initiative will enable DSD to move forward and manage NDTS sucessfully.

12. FINDINGS

13. RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH METHOD/ INSTRUMENTS APPLIED SAMPLE RESEARCH PROCESS (STEPS AND PROCEDURES) FINDINGS RELATED TO EACH RESEARCH QUESTION 1. What was the significant variables that contribute to the level of practice of LO in DSD which is related to NDTS implementation? Explorative study: i. Theoretical (quantitative) ii. Explorative Interview (qualitative) Explorative study: a) Preliminary data collection in The selection was justified after intensive reference of relevant works written by Peter Senge , Watkins, Hackman and Oldham , Garvin , and Australian Government’s initiative in Frontline Management Competencies (FMI) . Also Model by Benson and Hagtvet etc. b) Interview Expert at BiBB, and LO expert Explorative study a) Preliminary data collection in Through meticulous discussion with the subject matter experts. Rigorous literature references were also done by selecting books, thesis, articles, journals, papers. websites. ii. Interview with BiBB officers, Prof Dr Michael Young & DG DSD The six identified significant variables had positive correlation and moderate association with LO practices. Generally this association revealed that the level of LO practices is related on the presence and intensity of the six identified significant variables. Independent variables: i. Policy enforcement; ii. Work process establishment; iii. Procedure of learning and knowledge management; iv. Utilization of ICT; v. Leadership capabilities development; vi. Enculturation of learning . By using associated analysis Spearman’s rho test and G power Test. The association of every variables and the level of LO practices can be described by Structural Model Coefficients for LO in DSD

14. Theoretical Framework No. Peter Senge Five Disciplines Karen E. Watkins Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Job Characteristic Model (JCM) Hackman & Oldman Professor David Garvin LO Best Practices Frontline Management Competencies FMI) 1. Personal Mastery Create continuous learning opportunities Task identity Systematic problem solving Lead by example 2. Mental Models Promote inquiry and dialogue Task significance Experimenting with new approaches Leading, Coaching, facilitating, and empowering others 3. Shared Vision Encourage collaboration and team learning Feedback through work Learning from past experiences Creating best practice 4. Team Learning Empower people toward a collective vision Skill variety Learning from best practices Creating an innovative culture 5. Systems Thinking Connect the organisation to is environment Autonomy Transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently / effectively throughout the organization 6. Establish systems to capture and share learning Cooperation 7. Provide strategic leadership for learning Feedback through peers 8. Target clarity

15. Theoretical Framework Benson and Hagtvet (1996) presented variables in LO

16. Structural Model Coefficients for LO in DSD The six identified significant variables had positive but moderate correlation with LO practices. This relationship revealed that the LO practices is related significantly to the six identified significant variables.

17. RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH METHOD/ INSTRUMENTS APPLIED SAMPLE RESEARCH PROCESS (STEPS AND PROCEDURES) FINDINGS RELATED TO EACH RESEARCH QUESTION 2. To what extent were the LO practice that enhance NDTS prevailed in DSD? i- Standardized survey - questionnaires ii. Experts workshops with LO experts - workshop / discussion i- Experts workshops with LO experts - The draft of the questionnaires was presented and discussed with the LO experts. The workshop was review the detailed items put in the standardized survey questionnaires i- Experts workshops with LO experts - The draft of the questionnaires was presented and discussed with the LO experts. They have discussed and made some amendment to the questionnaires and agreed to be circulated to respondent Based on the two analyses of the data using percentage and mean, this study found the following results. i. This research found that 45% of respondents perceived that the level of LO practices that enhance NDTS practice is satisfactory while 52.3% of respondents perceived as fairly satisfactory and 2.7% perceived unsatisfactory. ii. the result showed the calculation for Mean was 46.7657. The analysis using mean value and standard deviation were used to explain the level. In this category the score composite was between the score of 30 to 48. This figure fell under category of ‘fairly satisfactory’ and the standard deviation is 1.0164. The level of LO practices that enhance NDTS in DSD are still at the early stage, need more improvement i- Standardized survey -The survey to the respondent for p re test. 20 DSD officers involved. - Invitation letters to the 150 respondents were sent explaining the purpose, objective and confidentiality of the survey information. A working checklist was prepared to ensure proper coordination and smoothness of the research activities. The task of ensuring maximum attendance on the dates of the survey was done well.

18. RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH METHOD/ INSTRUMENTS APPLIED SAMPLE RESEARCH PROCESS (STEPS AND PROCEDURES) FINDINGS RELATED TO EACH RESEARCH QUESTION 3. What is the relationship between the identify significant variables and LO practice in DSD that enhance NDTS? Standardized survey -data analysis Standardized survey Respondents that were involved in the survey sessions were 111 officers from all levels of management in DSD. Standardized survey - analysis done by using multiple linear regressions The finding of this study showed the LO practices (organizational performance) was significantly influenced and contributed by Enculturation of learning, and Procedure of learning and knowledge management. Both are the significant predictors. When R=0.661, the six independent variables are considered to be moderately correlated with the dependent variable. f (LO) = f (EL) + f (PLKM) The value of Adjusted R Square is 0.427 which showed that Enculturation of learning and, Procedure of learning and knowledge management were the variables which contributed about 42.7% variance in the level of LO practices. The contributions were enormous, i.e about half of the contribution put together by all the six identified significant independent variables. Improvement in the Enculturation of learning and, Procedure of learning and KM in DSD will bring high impact to the whole organization.

19. Linear regression model between level of LO practices and Enculturation of learning also procedure of learning Y (the level of LO practice (organizational performance in NDTS)) = 1.028 + 0.539 (Enculturation of Learning) + 0.246 (Procedure)

20. RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH METHOD/ INSTRUMENTS APPLIED SAMPLE RESEARCH PROCESS (STEPS AND PROCEDURES) FINDINGS RELATED TO EACH RESEARCH QUESTION 4. How would the model of the New Road Map of LO be that could enhance the NDTS implementation? Standardized survey - data analysis Standardized survey Respondents that were involved in the survey sessions were 111 officers from all levels of management in DSD. Standardized survey - Using the factor analysis From the factor analysis, 5 new variables were found to be significant for Enculturation of learning, which were ‘team learning’, ‘encourage learning collaboration’, ‘promote inquiry and dialog’, ‘ creating an innovative culture’ and ‘creating best practice’. 4 recent factors were found for Procedure for learning and knowledge management, namely ‘connect the organization to environment’, ‘ systematic problem solving’, ‘ transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout organization’ and ‘feedback through peers’. Transformation of DSD into LO practitioner is essentially to transform 2 of its most basic requirements: a) The mindset, leadership and capabilities of DSD officers. b) Its enabling system, process and technology. The LO transformation intervention begins at the home front in DSD to prepare the organization and its officers to become more ‘NDTS able’, before move to the external front with the industry partners to promote NDTS

21. Framework for Transforming Profiles of DSD Officer

22. Model of the Roadmap for the Development of LO Toward Sustainable DSD

27. Vielen Dank