This workshop was presented at MTSR-2017 (Nov. 27, 2017) in Tallinn, Estonia http://www.mtsr-conf.org/index.php/programme The workshop aims to bring the current metadata landscape in libraries in context, with particular emphasis on emerging theory/principles and best practices covering: • The theory of enriching and filtering • Metadata enriching through RDA (Hands on - The RDA Toolkit and implementation of RDA at Southampton Solent University) • Metadata filtering through FRBR (practical issues that cataloguers face in FRBRising their catalogue) • Metadata management (metadata quality, authority control and subject headings) • Metadata systems, tools and applications (practical issues of e-books and database cataloguing)

1. Current Metadata
Landscape in the Library
World
Getaneh Alemu (PhD)
Cataloguing & Metadata Librarian
Southampton Solent University
@getaneha
MTSR-2017
11th International Conference on Metadata and Semantics Research
November 28th – December 1st 2017, Tallinn, Estonia

2. METADATA LIBRARIAN

3. We’ve come a long way…
“The catalogue guides the reader as far as the location of the book but not to the contents within
and also relationships between documents.” (Paul Otlet)

4. ..the future of the card catalogue

5. Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)
813.54 GRI

6. .. and then AACR2

7. But information grows …
“Metadata liberates knowledge.”
David Weinberger
 > 4 billion pages on the Web
 It would take 57,000 years to read
 Determining relevancy and prioritising
is challenging
Metadata. (2014). In J. Boulton, 100 ideas that changed the web. London, UK: Laurence King.
Retrieved from http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/lkingideas/metadata/0

8. Metadata – does it matter?
• “Metadata is a social (human) construct and reflects its purposes”
(Gartner, 2016)
• Purpose: find-ability, discover-ability, preserve-ability, render-ability, marketing, selling

9. What is metadata?
Metadata is a human construct
Metadata is not found in nature
Metadata reflects its purposes
(Alemu & Stevens, 2015; Gartner, 2016)

10. …yes, this is why we have standards

11. ... we librarians do care about metadata
Theory and principles (Paul Otlet, Ranganathan, Melville Dewey, Eugene
Garfield)
Standards – ISBD, AACR2, RDA, FRBR, Dublin Core, MARC, BIBFRAME
Tools – Taxonomies, thesauri, ontologies, classification schemes
Principles of sufficiency and necessity, user convenience, representation
and standardisation (IFLA, 2009; Svenonius, 2000).
S. R. Ranganathan’s five laws

12. DC (Dublin Core)

13. Extended DC

14. Metadata for Raphael’s “The School of Athens”
http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/2022703/oai_euromuseos_mcu_es_euromuseos_MRABASF_0047.html

15. Enriching existing content with metadata
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/renaissance-art-europe-ap/a/raphael-school-of-athens

16. What is in a catalogue record?

17. A MARC Record

18. Metadata for libraries
“Metadata plays a critical role in the function of any discovery service.
Search, relevancy ranking, faceted refinement, and recording grouping
function (FRBR) all respond to the metadata present.”
(Han & Weathers, 2016, p, 275 in Varnum, 2016).

19. Enriching through RDA (Resource Description & Access)

20. … enrich then filter

21. Balancing act: enriching versus quality
‘Useful’ rather than ‘perfect’ metadata
Controlled vocabularies: taxonomies, thesauri, ontologies
Ontologies afford us to create open & scalable metadata structure
Allowing us to incorporate multiple interpretations of things
Incorporating multiple access points
Ensuring metadata quality

22. Filtering through FRBR
• Grouping related EDITIONS & VERSIONS together
• Latest editions displayed first
• FRBR requires good metadata
• FRBR criteria – matching title and author fields
• Authority headings – standardisation and
consistency in recording authors

23. “Information as Thing”
(Buckland, 1991)

24. FRBR – Conceptual model
Source: https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/frbreng.pdf
• Entities
• Relationships
• Attributes
Source: (Tillett, 2003)

25. FRBR Entities
Source: (IFLA, 2009)
https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf

26. http://www.rdatoolkit.org/sites/default/files/rsc_diag
ram_examples_primary_relationships_novel_april
_2016.pdf

27. FRBR - Attributes
Source: (Tillett, 2003)

28. FRBR requires STRUCTURED metadata

29. FRBR requires CONSISTENT metadata
 Selwyn, Norman
 Selwyn, NM
 Selwyn, Norman M
Consistency
• With help from Solent’s Digital Library Systems Manager, we changed > 46,000
personal author names according to Library of Congress and British Library name
authority lists

30. BIBFRAME – Linked Data model
http://bibframe.org/tools/editor/# http://bibframe.org/vocab-category

31. BIBFRAME
http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf

32. Metadata standards

33. RDA versus AACR2
Discussion
Technological progress : RDA or AACR2?
Metadata Enriching: RDA or AACR2?

34. Metadata standards - schemas

35. Authority lists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_control

36. Authority lists
http://www.isni.org/

37. Authority lists
http://www.isni.org/

38. RESEARCH METADATA
https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/

39. Limitations of standards
(Coyle, 2010; Coyle & Hillmann, 2007; Lagoze, 2010; Mathes, 2004; Shirky, 2005; Veltman, 2001; Weinberger, 2005, 2007; Wright, 2007; Lehmann,
2010; Andersen & Skouvig, 2006.; Floridi, 2000; Hjorland, 2000)
 Growing library collections
 Ever changing technologies
 Changing users’ expectations
 Limitations of contemporary standards-based metadata approaches
 The social space of documents is missing (Otlet, 1934)
 Lack of openness and scalability issues

40. The theory of metadata enriching

41. The theory of metadata enriching & filtering
 Separation of metadata content (enriching) and interface (filtering)
 Enriching as a continuous process
 From user-centred to user-driven metadata enriching and filtering
 Metadata diversity better conforming to users’ needs
 Seamless linking
 ‘Useful’ rather than ‘perfect’ metadata
 Post-hoc user-driven filtering

42. Current projects
http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/docs/index.html
https://pro.europeana.eu/resources/apis/linked-open-
data
http://www.bne.es/en/Inicio/Perfiles/Bibliotecarios/DatosEnlazados/
http://www.dnb.de/EN/Service/DigitaleDienste/LinkedData/linkeddata.html
https://www.nls.uk/about-us/open-data
http://www.bnf.fr/en/professionals/bnf_data_sets.html

43. Current projects

45. Enriching with RDA

46. RDA/BIBFRAME - WORK

47. RDA/BIBFRAME - WORK

48. RDA/BIBFRAME – WORK

49. RDA/BIBFRAME – EXPRESSION

50. RDA/BIBFRAME – MANIFESTATION

51. RDA/BIBFRAME – MANIFESTATION

52. BIBFRAME JSONLD-Expanded

53. RDA – hands on workshop
http://access.rdatoolkit.org/

54. The future of the library catalogue
http://www.booksonix.co.uk/facetpublishing/9781856047166.pdf

55. The future of metadata:
enriched, linked, open and filtered

56. Thank You!
Getaneh.Alemu@solent.ac.uk
https://portal.solent.ac.uk/library/essential-info/meet-team/getaneh-alemu.aspx