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Vaccination Role Elderly Health Promotion Disease Prevention
1. Vaccination:
Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention in the Elderly
MARC EVANS M. ABAT, MD, FPCP, FPCGM
Director, Center for Healthy Aging, The Medical City
Clinical Associate Professor, Section of Adult
Medicine, Philippine General Hospital
2. Outline
âą The Philippine Aging Population
âą Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention
âą Role of Vaccination in the Elderly
âą Challenges Ahead
4. Achieving longer life vs. improving quality of life
Expansion of morbidity
hypothesis
Compression of
morbidity hypothesis
Increasing life
expectancyï longer
life but with worsening
healthï increased
consumption of health
care services and
products
Increasing life
expectancyï chronic disease
occur only in the much later
yearsï healthy life prolonged
at a greater rate than total
years of lifeï increased
fraction of life spent healthy
5. ADL and IADL difficulties
âą High level of disability, 28.2%
âą Females and those in the advanced ages generally
showing some difficulty in ADLs and IADLs
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% with ADL/IADL difficulty
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+
Age
male
female
Cruz, G.T. 2007. Philippine
Population Review, 6(1): 87-101.
6. Implications
âą Macro level: increase in demand for health
services which at present, the government is
ill-equipped to handle
âą Burden of care then falls on the family but this
is threatened due to changing family
structures (e.g. migration of female family
members for work)
7. âą Role of healthy lifestyle in any future
interventions designed to increase active life
expectancy
âą Incorporating elderly health policies to those
benefitting the younger sector
âą Preventive rather than curative approach.
9. Health Promotion
âą The process of enabling people to
â increase control over, and
â to improve their health
âą 3 basic strategies
â Advocacy for health
â Enabling all people to achieve their full health
potential
â Mediating between the different interests in
society in the pursuit of health.
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. WHO, Geneva,1986 as mentioned in
http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdf
10. Disease Prevention
âą covers measures not only to
â prevent the occurrence of disease, such as risk factor
reduction,
â but also to arrest its progress
â and reduce its consequences once established
âą considered to be action which usually
â emanates from the health sector
â dealing with individuals and populations identified as
exhibiting identifiable risk factors
â often associated with different risk behaviours.
http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdf
16. Pneumococcal Vaccination in the
Nursing Home
End point Incidence (per 1000
person years)
% reduction
in incidence
(95% CI) P value
Vaccine
group
(n=502)
Placebo
group
(n=504)
Pneumococcal
pneumonia
12 32 63.8 (32.1
to 80.7)
0.0015
Non-pneumococcal
pneumonia
43 59 29.4 (â4.3
to 52.3)
0.0805
All cause
pneumonia
55 91 44.8 (22.4
to 60.8)
0.0006
BMJ 2010; 340:c1004
19. TDaP Vaccination in the Elderly
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological
Research, 39: 519-523.
20. Challenges Ahead
Level Challenge Possible Solutions
Individual Elderly Improving vaccine
awareness and
acceptability
Regular information
campaigns
Improving individual
utilization
Enforcement of
appropriate
discounts,
competitive pricing
Improving vaccine
access
Vaccination centers
21. Level Challenge Possible Solutions
Health Professionals
and Institutions,
including HMOs
Increasing
awareness of
benefits of
vaccination
Regular information
campaign
âDoctors themselves
hate needles!â
Health professionals
as role models for
vaccine utilization
Inconsistencies in
vaccination
schedules
Well-disseminated
and accepted
guideline
Standing orders and
vaccination
packages
22. Level Challenge Possible Solutions
Research and
Industry
Vaccines perceived
as having many
undesirable effects
Continuing vaccine
research
New vaccines
preparations and
delivery systems
Vaccines not as
effective in the
elderly
Affordability of
vaccines
23. Level Challenge Possible Solutions
Government and
Policy Makers
Lag in government
participation in
provision of
vaccination for the
elderly, including
funding challenges
More aggressive
legislation
Allocation of
obviously limited
resources to a
growing sector of
the population
Coordination with
all experts and
stakeholders:
highest risk vs.
highest benefits