1. Market for Geothermal Energy in the EU, and the Legal Aspects Dr. Burkhard Sanner European Geothermal Energy Council , Brussels Conference Innovative Solutions in Energy Sector: Geothermal Energy Tallin, Estonia 17. April 2009

2. EU Energy Policy From : Coal & Steel and Nuclear (5 decades ago the starting points of the European unification!)‏ To : Security of Supply Competitiveness Sustainability => and as a result: - CO 2 reduction - clean energy - safe supply European Geothermal Energy Council

3. European Geothermal Energy Council The geothermal development – high enthalpy Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas Current main growth regions for high enthalpy geothermal in Europe EGS EGS EGS

4. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal heat flux (from Cermak & Rybach, 1979)‏

5. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal Electric Power High Enthalpy Resources Iceland, Italy and Turkey Krafla power plant, Iceland Valle Secolo power plant, Italy

6. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal Electric Power EGS: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production Geology (left) and drilling rig at the European R&D site Soultz-sous-Forêts (F)‏ Graph and Photo: GEIE Soultz

8. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal Electric Power Installed capacity since 1912, world-wide (after data from IGA and WGC 2005)‏ Installed capacity according to EGEC targets 2008, and to EREC roadmap for EU 27 (up to 2020)‏ In 2006, ca. 7 TWh of power production !

9. European Geothermal Energy Council The geothermal development - deep Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas Current main growth regions for deep geother-mal in Europe ?

10. European Geothermal Energy Council The geothermal development - deep Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas Current main growth regions for deep geother-mal in Europe ?

11. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal District Heating doublet systems, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany, Hungary, etc. Geothermal central in Chevilly-la-Rue, south of Paris, France (photo 1995)‏ >1 km ca. 1.5 km

12. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal District Heating doublet systems, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany, Hungary, etc. Geothermal central in Chevilly-la-Rue, south of Paris, France (photo 1995)‏ Situation in 2008, with additional gas-turbine powered CHP (building to the left)‏

13. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal Energy in Agriculture Greenhouses throughout Europe are heated by geothermal energy, from Iceland to Turkey and from Poland to the Azores Geothermal central in Chevilly-la-Rue, south of Paris, France (photo 1995)‏ Production of Spirulina-Algae using geothermal heat

14. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal District Heating - CHP during construction 1994 Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig Graph: Erdwärme Neustadt-Glewe

15. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal District Heating - CHP (Graph and Photo: Erdwärmekraft GbR)‏ First geothermal power plant in Germany, Neustadt-Glewe (98 °C, 200 kW el.)‏ Low-temperature geothermal power Inauguration Nov. 2003, German Minister of Environment Jürgen Trittin (VDI-Nachrichten)‏

16. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal CHP New Plant in Unterhaching, Germany DH operational fall 2007, power Jan. 2008 2 wells each 3200 m Water temperature ca. 122 °C Kalina-Cycle-Powerplant 3,6 MW (Photos: Gem. Unterhaching)‏

17. European Geothermal Energy Council The geothermal development - shallow Map showing main basins and high-enthalpy geothermal areas New growth regions for GSHP in Europe The „old“ market ?

19. Shallow Geothermal Energy European Geothermal Energy Council All material for GSHP today available from manufacturers Brine-water heat pumps Borehole heat exchanger (BHE, right)‏ Material for BHE and grouting on site (below)‏

20. Shallow Geothermal Energy European Geothermal Energy Council Examples from Germany Heat pump and BHE manifold for county administration Gelnhausen (86 BHE)‏ Drilling in granite for educational centre

21. European Geothermal Energy Council Shallow Geothermal Energy (Ground Source) Heat Pump market data Heat pump sales in Austria, Germany and Switzerland (after data from LGWA, BWP, FWS)‏

22. European Geothermal Energy Council Shallow Geothermal Energy Ground Source Heat Pump market data Total number of existing GSHP for 2007 (calculated after data from EHPA)‏

23. European Geothermal Energy Council Shallow Geothermal Energy Ground Source Heat Pump market data Total number of existing GSHP for 2007, per capita and per area (calculated after data from EHPA)‏

24. European Geothermal Energy Council Geothermal Heating and Cooling Heat produced from geothermal sources (deep and shallow), according to EGEC targets 2008, and to EREC roadmap for EU 27 (up to 2020)‏

26. European Geothermal Energy Council New Development for all EU EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources A lot of support from the EP was required to get the Directive right!

27. European Geothermal Energy Council New Development for all EU EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources

31. European Geothermal Energy Council New Development for all EU EU Directive on Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources Art. 14.3: Member States shall ensure that certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes become or are available by 31 December 2012 for installers of small-scale biomass boilers and stoves, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps.

33. European Geothermal Energy Council Thank you for your attention! For more information: www.egec.org