1. Notes
(Geography Year 11A)
INDUSTRY , ENERGY AND TOURISM
SUB-TOPIC:
METHODS USED TO CONTROL THE
IMPACT OF TOURISM.
2. Introduction
For decades tourism industry growth has been a major
contributor to increased economic activity throughout the U.S
and the world.
It is the dominant economic activity in some
communities.
Yet, the impacts of tourism to community are not widely
understood.
3. Impact of tourism
The impacts of tourism (positive and
negative impacts) can be categorized
into:
1. Economic
2. Environmental
3. Social and Cultural
4. How to reduce the negative impact of tourism?
Despite, the importance of tourism from its positive
impact is always on the economic aspect.
On the other hand, there is also greater concerns on
the negative impact of tourisms.
Negative impacts can be reduced or avoided by
effective use and implementation of, for example the
tool of Environmental Assessment.
5. How to reduce the negative impact of tourism?
Several effective ways or measures in order to reduce
the impact of tourism are :
1. Diversification of product range.
2. Reduce the tourist numbers in some areas.
3. Eco-tourism.
4. Green tourism.
5. Implementation of strict law.
6. The need for management and stewardship.
6. 1.Diversification
It is important to diversify their countries product
range by opening up new adventures.
Examples of new adventures are rafting, sailing and
canoeing.
This is to achieve a better distribution of tourist
activities throughout the country.
In addition, to reduce some of the environmental
issues created at tourism hotspots.
7. 2. Reduce tourist numbers in some areas
To reduce tourist numbers in some areas by putting
limitations to the number of tourists allowed to visit a
specific area per year.
Moreover, the government should also double the
entry fees.
This can maintain the income from these area.
Despite that, the limitation in the number of visitors
per year also means to reduce the environmental
impacts on the natural eco-system.
8. 3. Eco-tourism
Putting an increased focus on eco-tourism
so that they can help to preserve the
wildlife and the environment.
This also hoped in reducing social conflict
between authorities and other groups such
as tribal people and farmers.
Example : Eco-tourism in Kenya and
Sabah.
9. 4. Green Tourism
Green tourism is a term widely used to convey what
we mean by responsible, ethical or sustainable
tourism.
It is not only places an emphasis upon protecting the
environment, but also involves the local people in
making decisions that affect their land and living.
It can improve the preservation and transmission of
cultural and historical traditions.
10. 4. Green Tourism
It can bring chance to protect local heritage or to
revitalize native cultures, for instance by
regenerating traditional arts and crafts.
Apart from that, the visitors can enjoy unspoiled
nature and landscapes, environmental quality of
goods or services.
However, green tourism is different from eco-
tourism, whereas, eco-tourism is part of green-
tourism.
11. 5. Implementation of strict law in
conservation areas
The marine environments and its natural
resources should be managed more
efficiently in order to minimize the
environmental effects on coral
reefs, mangroves and all other threatened
habitats.
12. 6. The need for management and stewardship
The pressures from the growth of tourist numbers
have increased the need for management
everywhere.
In most cases effective management only begins
after tourism has begun and some damage has
already occurred.
For example : Tourism in Antarctica
13. Case study : (1) Tourism in Kenya
Kenya is an African country that has been affected
by tourism in both positive and negative way.
One of the most important positive factors is the
effect on the countries economy.
It generate incomes to all Kenyans. This income
inspired the government to put additional effort
into preserving its wildlife.
14. Case study : (1) Tourism in Kenya
The negative effects are that the economic influence of
tourism can be unstable.
The environment and wildlife can be damaged through
tourism.
Tourism can create social conflict between different
groups of people.
Thus, the Kenyan government has created strategies for
the future that they hope will reduce the negative impacts
of tourism on their country.
15. Case study:(2) Tourism in Antarctica
However, there is one exception – Antarctica.
It offers tourists magnificent scenery, icebergs and
nesting penguins by the millions.
In the summer of 1995 tourist numbers passed 10
000 for the first time.
Thus, the cruise operators comply with the
guidelines from the International Association of
Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).
16. 6. The need for management and stewardship
Visitors must not:
Disturb wildlife in any way.
Go within 5metres of penguins.
Walk on the lichens.
Leave litter or waste.
