2. OVER VIEW
• Urban renewal championed by Robert Moses.
• His view based on “Cities are for traffic”.
• Jacob saw the principles that city planning as wrong and harm to
cities.
• She Introduced a new view on urban planning “Cities are for people”.
• “Death and Life” was one of the first critiques on Urban Renewal and
still stands as one of the most influential texts on urban planning.
• Jacobs' view is an attack on “orthodox” modern city planning and city
architectural design.

3. ABOUT AUTHOR
• This book is written by Jane Jacob. She was born in Scranton, But she
move to New York City and she was lived there.
• She used her own observation about cities to formulate her
philosophy about them. But some times her views go against the
standards of urban planning, her work is well respected though she
hasn’t no professional training as a city planner.
• She made many trips to Boston, Philadelphia and Chicago and etc.
Then she write “The Death and Life of Grate American Cities” based
on her own observations in the cities.

4. HER VISION
Looking into how cities actually
work, rather than how they
should work according to urban
designers and planners, Jacobs
effectively describes the real
factors affecting cities, and
recommends strategies to
enhance actual city
performance.

5. VARIOUS THEMES SHE TALKS
• City Planning errors.
• Successful Neighborhood vs Unsuccessful neighborhoods.
• Diversity
• Change is necessary
• Slumming/ Unslumming

6. BRIEF OF THE BOOK
Jacob wants to introduce new principles in city planning.
• Part 1 -examines city problems, using sidewalks and parks as
metaphors.
• Part 2- studies the economics behind city problems and city divercity.
• Part 3 -emphasizes decay along with regeneration including slumming
unslumming.
• Part 4 -is where Jacobs makes suggestions for change in existing cities and
different panning for new ones.
Jacobs looks to inner- cities for her main observations.

7. CITIES AND PLACES THAT JACOB DISCUSSES
• North End Boston-used to show the misconceptions from public city planning.
• New York city-the scene of many examples, including Greenwich Village in Manhattan, where she
lives.
• Philadelphia- designed by William Penn- the city was planned through using 4 squares, each with
a park. Jacobs examines the parks to see which is successful and which is not.
• Chicago- Jacobs uses s variety of neighborhoods, from Hyde Park to the Back of the Yards. Chicago
was credit blacklisted for years, but still reserved much of the slumming process.
• Chatham Village, Pittsburgh- a development that represents standard city planning- Jacobs
doesn’t like this.
• Sidewalks and streets- a place for movement within the city- cars and people. Safety is the key
factor for successful streets and sidewalks. Jacobs examines the components of safety.
• City Parks- intended as a vital park of neighborhoods, but some are detrimental and others are
successful. Jacobs looks at the reasons.

8. SIDEWALKS
The main uses of side walks
• SAFETY
• CONTACT
• ASSIMLATING CHILDREN

9. CITY PARKS &
CITY NEIGHBOURHOOD
• intended as a vital park of neighborhoods, but some are detrimental
and others are successful.
• Purposes of physical planning for effective neighborhood
1. Lively & interesting streets
2. Make streets as continuous network
3. Use parks ,squares, public buildings as part of streets

10. • Residents must feel comfortable on the streets outside their homes at
all times of day
• Sidewalk traffic and social interaction from porches promotes
neighborhood security
• Children playing on sidewalks with heavily used streets are more
monitored than those playing in designated recreational/park areas

11. THE GENERATORS OF DIVERSITY
• Conditions to generate diversity
1. District must serve more than one primary functions
2. Blocks should be short
3. Buildings should be at varying ages
4. There should be a dense concentration of people

12. The need for mixed primary uses.
The need for small blocks
Shorter blocks provide more route choices.
Longer blocks result in a street being isolated.
People will choose not to use a longer block because
there are very few places they can choose to go.
Short blocks allow for more social interaction and
economic diversity

13. THE NEED FOR AGED BUILDINGS
• The district must mingle buildings that very in age and condition,
including a good proportion of all ones.
• Cities need old buildings so badly it is probably impossible for
vigorous streets and districts to grow without them.
• Age of a buildings, in relation to usefulness or desirability, is an
extremely relative thing.

14. SOME MYTHS ABOUT DIVERSITY
• Jacobs refutes the myths about disadvantages of diversity presented
in orthodox planning.
• The diversity does not innately diminish visual order

15. DIFFERENT TACTICS
• Subsidized dwellings
• Erosion of cities or attrition of automobiles
• Visual order
• Salvaging projects
• Governing and planning districts
• The kind of problems a city is

16. FORCES OF DECLINE AND REGENERATION
• The self- destruction of diversity
• The curse of border vacuums
• Unslumming and slumming
• Gradual money and cataclysmic money

17. • ‘The Death and Life of Great American Cities’ is in no doubt, one of
the most inspiring urban planning texts of the 20th century.
• The impact of Jane Jacobs and ‘The Death and Life of Great American
Cities’ has been profound in the architectural and urban planning
world as well as New York. well as New York.

18. THANK YOU