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Premarital Screening
What it is and why it matters ?
Forget ‘Kundlis’, Get Premarital Screening
Done Before Marriage!
Marriage
• Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock,
is a culturally and often legally recognized
union between people called spouses.
• Typically, it is an institution in which
interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are
acknowledged or sanctioned.
Marriage
Marriage
• Marriage comes with a lot of responsibilities
After marriage your life changes completely.
You can no longer be the sole decision maker
in your life.
• You need to include your partner in all the
decision making because it will affect you
both.
Marriage comes with a lot of
responsibilities
Understanding Compatibility in
Marriages
• Compatibility in a relationship means that both
partners understand and accept each other's life
philosophy and goals, as well as genuinely
enjoy being around each other without feeling
preoccupied by what they feel needs to change
within their partner.
Compatibility in Marriages
Understanding Compatibility in
Marriages
• In a compatible relationship, both partners
can be very different personality wise, but
will tend to agree on several core factors that
dictate how they both want to build their lives
together.
• In a compatible, healthy relationship, both
partners will strive to meet each other's
relational needs.
Understanding Compatibility in
Marriages
Types of compatibility
• Emotional Compatibility
• Emotional compatibility means trust.
• It means you can lay your heart on the line and
trust that your partner will be there for you,
acknowledge your feelings and thoughts, all
while knowing that they feel just as
comfortable doing the same with you.
Emotional Compatibility
Types of compatibility
• Physical Compatibility
• If you are physically compatible with someone it
means that you click sexually.
• Feeling compatible sexually is the one factor that can
be worked on if you've found a partner who you are
compatible with otherwise.
• Being honest with your needs and encouraging your
partner to share their desires as well can improve
your physical compatibility.
Physical Compatibility
Types of compatibility
• Monetary Compatibility
• This is a huge factor to pay attention to. If you
and your partner do not agree on a core level
when it comes to handling money, if you decide
to merge assets later on, it can lead to huge
fallouts and potentially a dissolution of the
relationship.
• While there are many philosophies out there as to
how you should best handle your money, it is
critical that you and your partner are aligned
when it comes to this topic.
Monetary Compatibility
Types of compatibility
• Future Goal Compatibility
• Future goal compatibility means that you and
your partner understand each other's perspective
when it comes to housing wants, travel plans,
career aspirations, and children.
• Future goal compatibility is one of the most
important to have in a relationship because the
majority of these goals impact the time you will
get to spend together as a couple meaning these
are topics that should be discussed at length.
Future Goal Compatibility
Types of compatibility
• Life Philosophy Compatibility
• Your life philosophy is how you see the world and
interpret meaning. Life philosophy encompasses
religion, your interpretation of gratitude and love,
as well as a general sense of what it means to be a
living being.
• Connecting with your partner on this level will
allow for a deeper, more intimate relationship.
Although you can have differing world views, it's
important to appreciate and understand your
partner's.
Life Philosophy Compatibility
Finding a Compatible Soul Mate
Kundli Matching
• Kundli Matching, most commonly known as
Horoscope Matching in Indian culture, is the
science practiced by Indians since the ancient
Vedic times.
• Everyone seeks a perfect life partner for a happy
life. Kundali matching plays an important role
in finding a suitable match or an ideal partner
for life.
• Marriage is a sacred bond and to have an
understanding and compatible partner is such a
blessing.
Kundli Matching
Kundli Matching
• Marriage is considered one of the most important
days in anyone’s life. Yes, we are moving at a
lightning-fast speed in the 21st century, but
before tying the knots of holy matrimony,
Kundali Milan is still the priority for our
Indian culture.
• Horoscopes of the bride and the groom are
matched to see the compatibility and the impact
of stars and other cosmic energies in their married
life.
Kundli Matching
Kundli Matching
• Celestial bodies like stars and planets influence
our lives in many ways, and the horoscope
matching helps us about the precautions and
remedies for a happy married life.
• It also helps to nullify or decrease the effects of
any dosh in the Kundali’s of the couple to ensure
their peaceful, healthy, and prosperous life.
Kundali matching, also known as Gun Milan,
is the study of the 36 Gunas of a person.
Kundali matching, also known as Gun Milan,
is the study of the 36 Gunas of a person
Kundli Matching
• A horoscope matching compares 8 categories
or Koots of a person and hence also referred to
as Ashtakoot Milan.
• Ashta means eight and the Koot means categories.
• These Koots have 36 Gunas that are to be
compared for calculating the compatibility
between a couple.
• The eight Koots are : Varna, Vasya, Deena,
Yoni, Maitri, Gan, Bhakoot and Nadi.
Ashtakoot Milan
Kundli Matching
Varna or Jati :
• It is the first Koot holding 1 score point in the Gun
Milan according to the Kundli matching system.
• In India, the caste system is implemented according to
the Vedic mythological system.
• There are four Varnas Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya,
and Shudra per the moon sign of the individual.
Brahmin’s are the most superiors and Shudras are
the inferior ones.
• Couples should have equal Verna for maximum
compatibility or the boy’s Verna should be higher than
the Girls Verna.
Varna Milan: Couples should have equal Verna for
maximum compatibility or the boy’s Verna should be
higher than the Girls Verna.
Kundli Matching
Vashya :
• Vashya Koot is the second test for Guna Milan and
holds two points (2 Pts) .
• It signifies the ability to dominate or influence the other
partner in the relationship. It directly relates to the
control or power hold between the couple.
• It has 5 different classifications Chatushpada or the
four-legged beings, Dwipad or Nara are the two-legged
beings, Jalachars are the water beings, Vanachar are the
wild beings, and the Keets are the insects.
• To score maximum compatibility, both boy and the
girl should have a similar classification.
Vashya Milan : To score maximum compatibility, both
boy and the girl should have a similar classification
Kundli Matching
Dina :
• Dina or Tara Koot is related to the compatibility of the
birth stars or the nakshatras.
• It holds three points (3 Pts) in the Kundali matching system
and relates to the wealth, prosperity, Longevity, and health
aspects.
• The relationship between the birth stars is calculated to
predict the destiny of the couples. The 27 Nakshatras are
sub-categorized into 9 groups. Janam Tara, Sampat
Tara, Vipata Tara, Kshema Tara, Pratyari Tara,
Sadhaka Tara, Vadha Tara, Mitra Tara, and Ati-Mitra
Tara are the 9 groups. Each group is divided into 3
categories Ashwani, Magha, and Moola.
Dina or Tara Koot Milan: is related to the
compatibility of the birth stars or the nakshatras
Kundli Matching
Yoni :
• Yoni Koot governs physical and sexual compatibility
between the couple.
• It holds four points (4 Pts) in the Ashtakoot Milan and
relates to the intimacy in marital life.
• Physical compatibility in terms of satisfying the partner
and meeting the sexual expectations of the partner is all
the concern of the Yoni Koot. If the couple is not
sexually compatible, it is considered Yoni Dosh.
• Yoni Dosha is the lack of connection and intimacy in
the sex life of the couple.
Yoni Koot Milan:Yoni Koot governs physical
and sexual compatibility between the couple
Kundli Matching
Maitri :
• Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri is related to the
mutual bond of friendship between the couple. It
helps to understand the intellectual and mental
compatibility of the couple.
• It ensures to measure mutual respect, trust,
loyalty, and clear communication between the
couple by understanding their interests and likes
and dislikes.
• It holds five points (5 Pts) in the Guna Milan
and relates to the planetary relationships of the
couple.
Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri Milan: Maitri Koot or
Graha Maitri is related to the mutual bond of
friendship between the couple
Kundli Matching
Gana :
• Gana Koot holds six points (6 Pts) in the Ashtakoot
Milan and is related to the mythological division of the
Nakshatras between three sub-categories Devata,
Manushya, and Raksha.
• This is based on the temperament and the basic nature of the
person. It helps in understanding the mental character and
spiritual outlook of the pair.
• Couples belonging to the same Gana hold maximum
compatibility points.
• Gana Dosh is when the couple shares different nature and
temperament and scores minimum compatibility points. It
creates issues in the marital life by making it difficult to
adjust to the partner’s spiritual and mental outlook.
Gana Koot Milan: Couples belonging to the same
Gana hold maximum compatibility points.
Kundli Matching
Bhakoot :
• Bhakoot is the second most important category for
matching the Kundali.
• It holds seven points (7 Pts) and is related to the
financial and career-related doshas in the horoscopes.
• Boy and girl belonging to the same zodiac sign or
sharing the same planetary ruler are most compatible
with each other.
• The difference in Bhakoot brings major marital issues
which may end up in divorce between the couple.
Bhakoot Milan: The difference in Bhakoot brings
major marital issues which may end up in divorce
between the couple.
Kundli Matching
Nadi :
• This is the most important Koota, holding the maximum score of 8
points (8 Pts). Nadi has 27 Nakshatras in all, further divided into 3
sub-categories Adi, Madhya, and Antya.
• This Koota is related to the hereditary aspects of the couple. It
shows the cycle of the genetic ability of the couple to give birth
to a new life.
• Children of couples belonging to the same Nadi are more prone
to mental and health diseases.
• Too much similarity in the Nakshatras can lead to their inability to
produce a child. Nadi dosh may also result in the separation of the
couple. The couple should belong to different Nadi’s for
maximum compatibility score. Different Nadi’s reduce the risk of
any health-related issues of both the couple and their children.
Nadi Milan: The couple should belong to different
Nadi’s for maximum compatibility score This Koota is
related to the hereditary aspects of the couple
Kundli Matching
Mangal Dosha
• For marriage, Mangal dosha is given the most
importance. All those who have a Mangal dosha
in the kundli, those horoscopes are termed as
manglik.
• If this dosha is present they will not be happy
with a person who does not have a Mangal
dosha. There are several remedies according to
the Shastra siddhantas both need to have a
Mangal dosha to have a happy life.
Mangal Dosha : All those who have a Mangal
dosha in the kundli, those horoscopes are termed
as manglik
How many points should match in
kundali for Marriage
• For a happy, successful and blissful marriage, the
minimum Kundali match score should be between
18-24.
• If the score is below 18, then marriage is not advised.
If the score is above 24, it is an ideal number for a
joyous and trouble-free married life. The Guna Milan
score helps in deciding the possibility of a prosperous
married life.
How many points should match in
kundali for Marriage
Can marital life be difficult even after
matching horoscope?
• In Hinduism, the institution of marriage is very
auspicious.
• While there are many rituals and customs performed
for the success of a couple’s marriage but the most
important among them is kundli milan aka matching
of horoscopes.
• But is the matching of horoscopes enough to ensure the
success of marriage?
• Many people argue that in ancient times marriages were
even successful when horoscopes were not matched.
Can marital life be difficult even after
matching horoscope?
• But despite matching of horoscopes, it is often
seems that the health of a couple’s marriage
deteriorates, causing much unhappiness and
obstacles.
But is the matching of horoscopes enough to
ensure the success of marriage?
• Ram Sita : A perfect 36 score kundli match
still lead an unsuccessful married life.
• Astrology is just probability, it never gives an
accurate answer.
• Shree Ram and Mata Sita had a match of all 36
Gunas but their marriage was not a success,
they were made to leave the kingdom and
when they returned, Shri Ram abandoned Sita.
Astrology is just probability, it never gives an accurate answer.
Shree Ram and Mata Sita had a match of all 36 Gunas but their
marriage was not a success
Premarital Checkup Before Matching
Horoscope
• You must have heard a common proverb,
‘Prevention is better than cure.’ This is
important especially when there is no cure for a
condition.
• A premarital checkup is significant because of
this reason only. It helps couples to know about
the health condition of their partners and
prevent welcoming a life-threatening disease.
• As a couple, you get sexually intimate with your
other half and that’s the time when you become
susceptible to getting infectious diseases.
Premarital Checkup Before Matching
Horoscope
Premarital Screening a medical kundli
milan
• A premarital test is a test that offers a crucial
health assessment of soon-to-be married
couples in which they are tested for genetic,
infectious and transmissible diseases to
prevent any risk of transmitting any disease
to each other and their children.
Premarital Screening a medical kundli
milan
Premarital Screening
• Marriage is considered a remarkable event in a
couple’s life, as they plan to start a family, and
through which they usher in a new stage in terms
of building emotional, social, familial and healthy
relationships.
• Premarital testing programs should educate
couples, providing accurate and unbiased
information.
• Family background, hereditary factors, age,
diet, exercise, weight management and
addictions all contribute to the bigger picture.
Premarital Screening
Premarital Screening
Premarital Screening
• For couples considering marriage, pre-marital
screening helps identify potential health
problems and risks for themselves and also
their offspring.
• It is vital for couples to be screened in order to
aid them to understand their genetics and help
them take the necessary precautions or
treatments.
Importance of Premarital Screening:
• Gauge the positive health status of prospective
bride and groom
• Detect infectious diseases – Hepatitis B
infection, HIV, HCV and other sexually
transmitted diseases
• Identify carriers of genetic disorders, in order to
assess the risk of having children with a severe
form of disease. The couple can then choose
whether or not to have an affected child. e.g.
Thalassemia, Hemophilia and Sickle Cell Disease
Detect infectious diseases – Hepatitis B infection, HIV,
HCV and other sexually transmitted diseases
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
• Routine Investigations – Complete Blood
Count (CBC), Complete Urine Analysis and
Peripheral Blood Smears to check for normal
and abnormal cells.
• Blood group testing (ABO-RH) is important
to screen out the Rh-negative women and
counsel them about the risks in pregnancy.
Blood group testing (ABO-RH)
• Blood Group Testing: ABO-RH testing is
important to screen out the RH-factor
incompatibility and counsel women about the
risks involved in pregnancy.
• If known in advance the doctor can give anti-Rh
immune-globulin shots during her first pregnancy.
• The Rh immune-globulin shots work like a
vaccine, which prevents the mother’s body
from producing any dangerous Rh antibodies
that can cause serious complications in the
new-born or complicate any future pregnancies
Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh
negative and her fetus' blood type is Rh positive.
Rh incompatibility, also known as Rh disease
Rh incompatibility
• Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's
blood type is Rh negative and her fetus'
blood type is Rh positive. Antibodies from an
Rh negative mother may enter the blood
stream of her unborn Rh positive infant,
damaging the red blood cells (RBCs).
Rh incompatibility
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Infectious Diseases
• VDRL for Syphilis Testing
• HIV I & II
• Hepatitis-B Screening
• Hepatitis-C Virus
• Infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HCV),
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Syphilis and Sexually
Transmitted Disease (STD).
• ​Among the blood-borne viruses transmissible through the
parenteral route, by blood transfusion, as well as, by sexual
intercourse, Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV),
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are
important and have several implications.
Infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B Virus
(HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Syphilis and
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
Pre-marital Screening
• Pre-marital Screening also helps rule out
carrier status of potentially life-threatening
infectious diseases like HIV and HBV.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that
HBV is 50 – 100 times more infectious than HIV.
• HBV can be passed from mother to baby during
birth. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard
yourself from these potentially life-threatening
diseases with simple screening.
Pre-marital Screening also helps rule out carrier
status of potentially life-threatening infectious
diseases like HIV and HBV
Pre-marital Screening
• Not only do they establish asymptomatic
persistent infections, but they also cause
significant morbidity and mortality when
transmitted through transfusion of blood and
blood products.
• Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early
stage results in serious complications and
sequelae, including infertility, fetal wastage,
ectopic pregnancy, cancer and death.
Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early stage results in
serious complications, including infertility, fetal wastage,
ectopic pregnancy, cancer and death
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Genetic Tests
• Doctors usually go for culture based genetic screening.
Depending on your family history and ancestry,
different tests are designed for different disorders
like thalassemia
• The tests are especially referred to in
‘consanguineous marriages’ or relationships by
blood or common ancestry, in which the chances of
offspring inheriting a recessive allele for a disease are
increased. The closer the relationship, the greater the
risk
• Genetic tests are done by analyzing small samples of
blood or body tissues
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Inherited diseases
• In case you do not have any grave condition
that can affect your child’s health or you are not
carrying any dormant gene or condition, but your
partner does, your child may anyway get affected.
So, it is important to check if your, to be life
partner is suffering from any bloodborne
diseases like Marfan syndrome, Huntington’s
disease, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia,
thalassemia etc.
Marfan syndrome & Huntington’s disease
Sickle Cell Anemia & Hemophilia
Genetic tests are especially referred to in
‘consanguineous marriages’ or relationships by
blood or common ancestry
Genetic Tests
• Thalassemia
• Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder
(passed from parents to children through
genes).
• Anemia is a disorder in which your body
doesn’t have enough normal, healthy Red
Blood Cells (RBC).
Thalassemia
Thalassemia
• When thalassemia is called “alpha” or
“beta,” it refers to the part of hemoglobin
that isn’t being made.
• If either the alpha or beta part is not made,
there aren’t enough building blocks to make
normal amounts of hemoglobin.
• Low alpha is called alpha thalassemia. Low
beta is called beta thalassemia.
Thalassemia
Thalassemia
• When the words “trait,” “minor,”
“intermedia,” or “major” are used, these
words describe how severe the thalassemia
is.
• A person who has thalassemia minor trait may
not have any symptoms at all or may have only
mild anemia, while a person with thalassemia
major may have severe symptoms and may
need regular blood transfusions.
Thalassemia
( Minor & Major)
Thalassemia
( Minor & Major)
• What is Thalassemia Minor?
• People with a thalassemia mutation only in one
gene are known as carriers or are said to have
thalassemia minor. Thalassemia minor results
in no anemia or very slight anemia. People
who are carriers do not require blood
transfusion or iron therapy, unless proven to be
iron deficient.
Thalassemia
( Minor & Major)
• What is Thalassemia Major?
• Children born with thalassemia major usually
develop the symptoms of severe anemia within
the first year of life. Lacking the ability to
produce normal adult hemoglobin, children
with thalassemia major:
• Are chronically fatigued
• Fail to thrive
• Can show growth abnormalities
Thalassemia
( Minor & Major)
Genetic Tests
• Genotype test: This test will reveal whether a
person is a carrier of the sickle-cell gene.
• This test is a very important test as if both the
partners carry the sickle cell gene, then they
are in a high risk of having a baby born with a
serious disease.
Genotype test
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Sexually transmitted diseases
• You can get diseases and infections like chlamydia,
HIV infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc., if your
partner is suffering from any such condition and you
get sexually intimate with him or her.
• These health problems are severe and can cause long-
term damage. In fact, some of them can even claim
your life.
• Not opting for a premarital checkup and being
infected by a sexually transmitted disease, later on,
can affect your marriage and life drastically.
Pre-marital Screening
Pre-marital Screening
• Infertility
• Infertility is quite a prevalent issue these days.
Almost every other person is going through this
problem.
• Infertility may cause unnecessary
psychological, social, biological, and emotional
trauma.
• To avoid any such occurrence, you must go for a
fertility checkup and ask your future partner also
to do the same.
Infertility
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
• Fertility Test: This test is done to ascertain the
fertility of a couple. More often, a couple is
unaware that they have fertility problems until
about 2 or more years of marriage and after
unsuccessful trials at conceiving.
• The test is really important as fertility issues can
be concluded earlier without going through any
social or emotional trauma related to barrenness.
Fertility test typically includes a semen
analysis for the man to assess for male fertility
and test for ovulation for the woman.
Fertility Test
Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Screening for Chronic Diseases:
Chronic diseases like diabetes and thyroid
function problems must be screened for.
This is because they have negative effects on
the outcome of a pregnancy.
• Any couple intending to marry must know
their thyroid and diabetic status because of
the association of these conditions with
infertility and high-risk pregnancies.
Any couple intending to marry must know their thyroid and
diabetic status because of the association of these conditions
with infertility and high-risk pregnancies.
Premedical Screening Before Kundli
• In India, before marriages there are compatibility concerns
on various issues but medical issues are never given their
due importance.
• People tend to overlook or are unaware of the health
aspect of the marriage.
• Premarital checkup should be conducted for a soon-to-
be-married couple in order to identify if there is any injury
with genetic blood diseases, such as sickle-cell anemia – or
infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV/ Aids.
• It would provide the couple with a medical consultation
on the odds of transmitting any discovered diseases and
also to give options and alternatives to plan a perfectly
healthy family.
Premedical Screening Before Kundli
Premedical Screening Before Kundli
• A premarital check-up also helps the couple on
how to take care of each other on the basis of their
health history.
• Basically, premarital check-up can be done
anytime, however, the right time is six months
before the wedding.
• It is vital for couples to be screened to help
them understand their medical status and help
them take the necessary precautions or treatments.
Basically, premarital check-up can be done anytime,
however, the right time is six months before the
wedding
• Ideally, both the sides must discuss the
“family medical history” in the presence of a
doctor, as a comprehensive medical checkup
for the prospective spouse is equally or more
important than matching Janam patris.
• But the problem is with the acceptance of this
advice.
Premedical Screening Before Kundli
Comprehensive Medical Checkup For The Prospective
Spouse Is Equally Or More Important Than
Matching Janam Patris
Premarital Screening Before Kundli
Vs
Conclusion
• In a country like India, where parents hide even
serious illnesses like heart problems, psychiatric
problems, epilepsy, and even diabetes type I at the
time of marriage, it may be too much to expect of
such pre-marital checkups.
• But looking into several cases of disastrous
consequences of “medically incompatible
marriage”, it seems prudent to be considered
mandatory.
Medically Incompatible Marriage
Conclusion
• As said marriages are decided in heaven but knots are
tied up by one of these two methods in our society:
• Arranged Marriage: Socially accepted and practiced
method where ‘offer’ for marriage is given by
appropriate party and then, marriage is finalized on the
basis of match-making.
• Love Marriage: Recently established way of selecting
marriage partner after some contact, friendship and/or
attraction because of looks. Here prospective partners
for marriage decide themselves to marry with or
without consent from parents and families.
As said marriages are decided in heaven but knots are
tied up by one of these two methods
Conclusion
• Well, either way, final decision of marriage is made after
checking possibility of matching with each other on the
basis of social, academic, financial and/or physical
appearance.
• What is hardly considered and ignored in total is the ‘Pre-
marital detailed medical check-up’ of both of the partners.
• Pre-marital health checkup is important to know the
health and fitness of your future partner.
• Whereas, genetic counseling helps to know the risk of
inherited disorder and the probability of developing and
transmitting it.
• Being an important aspect of happy married life you
really need to care about this aspect.
Case Study : Law On Pre-marital Tests
• The increase in divorce cases being filed due to the
husband’s impotency or frigidity, has prompted a high
court poser to the government suggesting an amendment in
the marriage laws to include mandatory pre-marital tests.
Dubbing it as a human tragedy which is avoidable, Justice N.
Kirubakaran of the Madurai bench of the Madras High
Court suggested, “if pre-marital clinical examinations are
done, it will prevent impotents from getting married and also
prevent marriages of people suffering from dangerous and
incurable diseases".
• https://www.femina.in/lifestyle/in-the-news/law-on-premarital-
tests-2986.html
Justice N. Kirubakaran of the Madurai bench of the Madras
High Court suggested, “if pre-marital clinical examinations are
done, it will prevent impotents from getting married and also
prevent marriages of people suffering from dangerous and
incurable diseases".
Law On Pre-marital Tests
Case Study
India: Should Pre-Marital Testing Be made
Free & Mandatory?
• HC view on pre-marital clinical exam vindicated
• A recent divorce case sheds light on travails faced
by women due to marital crimes
• https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/HC-view-on-pre-marital-
clinical-exam-vindicated/article14623395.ece
Recent divorce case sheds light on travails faced by
women due to marital crimes
https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/HC-view-on-pre-marital-clinical-
exam-vindicated/article14623395.ece
Terminology
• Consanguine marriage
Consanguine marriage is marriage between
individuals who are closely related.
Terminology
• Marriage Compatibility
Compatibility in a relationship means that
both partners understand and accept each
other's life philosophy and goals, as well as
genuinely enjoy being around each other
without feeling preoccupied by what they
feel needs to change within their partner.
Terminology
• Kundali Matching
• Kundali matching or Kundli milan is the
vedic astrology equivalent of horoscope
matching for marriage.
A Premarital Question
(A Question Before Marriage) | A Short Film
• https://youtu.be/LM7AlP0DQoA
References
• Before you say ‘I do’
• https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/before-you-say-i-do-
1540561936547.html
• Bride and groom, get these 4 medical tests done before the wedding
• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-
news/bride-and-groom-get-these-4-medical-tests-done-before-the-
wedding/photostory/72604694.cms
• Exploring the Effectiveness of Mandatory Premarital Screening and
Genetic Counseling Programmes for β-Thalassaemia in the Middle East: A
Scoping Review
• https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/430837
• Horoscope Matching
• https://www.astrosage.com/freechart/matchmaking.asp
• How Kundli Matching For Marriage Works?
• https://www.mpanchang.com/astrology/kundali-matching/
References
• Marriage
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage
• Significance of horoscope or kundli matching in marriages
• https://www.deccanchronicle.com/in-focus/100121/significance-of-horoscope-or-
kundli-matching-in-marriages.html
• The importance of premarital health checkup
• https://www.biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12509/the-importance-of-
premarital-health-checkup.html
• Understanding Relationship Compatibility Factors
• https://dating.lovetoknow.com/What_Is_Compatibility_in_a_Relationship
• Why couples must get premarital health checkup done about six months
before the wedding
• https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/premarital-health-checkup-
couples-marriage-7623732/
• Why Kundli Matching/ Matching Of Charts Fail Sometime?
• https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/outlook-spotlight-why-kundli-
matching-matching-of-charts-fail-sometime/359548
Govt. should make Pre-marital Screening
mandatory to reduce divorce rates and
marriage related frauds & crimes in India
शुभ मंगल सावधान:
Shubh Mangal Saavdhan
Thanks…

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Premerital Sceening .pptx

  • 1. Premarital Screening What it is and why it matters ? Forget ‘Kundlis’, Get Premarital Screening Done Before Marriage!
  • 2. Marriage • Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. • Typically, it is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.
  • 4. Marriage • Marriage comes with a lot of responsibilities After marriage your life changes completely. You can no longer be the sole decision maker in your life. • You need to include your partner in all the decision making because it will affect you both.
  • 5. Marriage comes with a lot of responsibilities
  • 6. Understanding Compatibility in Marriages • Compatibility in a relationship means that both partners understand and accept each other's life philosophy and goals, as well as genuinely enjoy being around each other without feeling preoccupied by what they feel needs to change within their partner.
  • 8. Understanding Compatibility in Marriages • In a compatible relationship, both partners can be very different personality wise, but will tend to agree on several core factors that dictate how they both want to build their lives together. • In a compatible, healthy relationship, both partners will strive to meet each other's relational needs.
  • 10. Types of compatibility • Emotional Compatibility • Emotional compatibility means trust. • It means you can lay your heart on the line and trust that your partner will be there for you, acknowledge your feelings and thoughts, all while knowing that they feel just as comfortable doing the same with you.
  • 12. Types of compatibility • Physical Compatibility • If you are physically compatible with someone it means that you click sexually. • Feeling compatible sexually is the one factor that can be worked on if you've found a partner who you are compatible with otherwise. • Being honest with your needs and encouraging your partner to share their desires as well can improve your physical compatibility.
  • 14. Types of compatibility • Monetary Compatibility • This is a huge factor to pay attention to. If you and your partner do not agree on a core level when it comes to handling money, if you decide to merge assets later on, it can lead to huge fallouts and potentially a dissolution of the relationship. • While there are many philosophies out there as to how you should best handle your money, it is critical that you and your partner are aligned when it comes to this topic.
  • 16. Types of compatibility • Future Goal Compatibility • Future goal compatibility means that you and your partner understand each other's perspective when it comes to housing wants, travel plans, career aspirations, and children. • Future goal compatibility is one of the most important to have in a relationship because the majority of these goals impact the time you will get to spend together as a couple meaning these are topics that should be discussed at length.
  • 18. Types of compatibility • Life Philosophy Compatibility • Your life philosophy is how you see the world and interpret meaning. Life philosophy encompasses religion, your interpretation of gratitude and love, as well as a general sense of what it means to be a living being. • Connecting with your partner on this level will allow for a deeper, more intimate relationship. Although you can have differing world views, it's important to appreciate and understand your partner's.
  • 20. Finding a Compatible Soul Mate Kundli Matching • Kundli Matching, most commonly known as Horoscope Matching in Indian culture, is the science practiced by Indians since the ancient Vedic times. • Everyone seeks a perfect life partner for a happy life. Kundali matching plays an important role in finding a suitable match or an ideal partner for life. • Marriage is a sacred bond and to have an understanding and compatible partner is such a blessing.
  • 22. Kundli Matching • Marriage is considered one of the most important days in anyone’s life. Yes, we are moving at a lightning-fast speed in the 21st century, but before tying the knots of holy matrimony, Kundali Milan is still the priority for our Indian culture. • Horoscopes of the bride and the groom are matched to see the compatibility and the impact of stars and other cosmic energies in their married life.
  • 24. Kundli Matching • Celestial bodies like stars and planets influence our lives in many ways, and the horoscope matching helps us about the precautions and remedies for a happy married life. • It also helps to nullify or decrease the effects of any dosh in the Kundali’s of the couple to ensure their peaceful, healthy, and prosperous life. Kundali matching, also known as Gun Milan, is the study of the 36 Gunas of a person.
  • 25. Kundali matching, also known as Gun Milan, is the study of the 36 Gunas of a person
  • 26. Kundli Matching • A horoscope matching compares 8 categories or Koots of a person and hence also referred to as Ashtakoot Milan. • Ashta means eight and the Koot means categories. • These Koots have 36 Gunas that are to be compared for calculating the compatibility between a couple. • The eight Koots are : Varna, Vasya, Deena, Yoni, Maitri, Gan, Bhakoot and Nadi.
  • 28. Kundli Matching Varna or Jati : • It is the first Koot holding 1 score point in the Gun Milan according to the Kundli matching system. • In India, the caste system is implemented according to the Vedic mythological system. • There are four Varnas Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra per the moon sign of the individual. Brahmin’s are the most superiors and Shudras are the inferior ones. • Couples should have equal Verna for maximum compatibility or the boy’s Verna should be higher than the Girls Verna.
  • 29. Varna Milan: Couples should have equal Verna for maximum compatibility or the boy’s Verna should be higher than the Girls Verna.
  • 30. Kundli Matching Vashya : • Vashya Koot is the second test for Guna Milan and holds two points (2 Pts) . • It signifies the ability to dominate or influence the other partner in the relationship. It directly relates to the control or power hold between the couple. • It has 5 different classifications Chatushpada or the four-legged beings, Dwipad or Nara are the two-legged beings, Jalachars are the water beings, Vanachar are the wild beings, and the Keets are the insects. • To score maximum compatibility, both boy and the girl should have a similar classification.
  • 31. Vashya Milan : To score maximum compatibility, both boy and the girl should have a similar classification
  • 32. Kundli Matching Dina : • Dina or Tara Koot is related to the compatibility of the birth stars or the nakshatras. • It holds three points (3 Pts) in the Kundali matching system and relates to the wealth, prosperity, Longevity, and health aspects. • The relationship between the birth stars is calculated to predict the destiny of the couples. The 27 Nakshatras are sub-categorized into 9 groups. Janam Tara, Sampat Tara, Vipata Tara, Kshema Tara, Pratyari Tara, Sadhaka Tara, Vadha Tara, Mitra Tara, and Ati-Mitra Tara are the 9 groups. Each group is divided into 3 categories Ashwani, Magha, and Moola.
  • 33. Dina or Tara Koot Milan: is related to the compatibility of the birth stars or the nakshatras
  • 34. Kundli Matching Yoni : • Yoni Koot governs physical and sexual compatibility between the couple. • It holds four points (4 Pts) in the Ashtakoot Milan and relates to the intimacy in marital life. • Physical compatibility in terms of satisfying the partner and meeting the sexual expectations of the partner is all the concern of the Yoni Koot. If the couple is not sexually compatible, it is considered Yoni Dosh. • Yoni Dosha is the lack of connection and intimacy in the sex life of the couple.
  • 35. Yoni Koot Milan:Yoni Koot governs physical and sexual compatibility between the couple
  • 36. Kundli Matching Maitri : • Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri is related to the mutual bond of friendship between the couple. It helps to understand the intellectual and mental compatibility of the couple. • It ensures to measure mutual respect, trust, loyalty, and clear communication between the couple by understanding their interests and likes and dislikes. • It holds five points (5 Pts) in the Guna Milan and relates to the planetary relationships of the couple.
  • 37. Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri Milan: Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri is related to the mutual bond of friendship between the couple
  • 38. Kundli Matching Gana : • Gana Koot holds six points (6 Pts) in the Ashtakoot Milan and is related to the mythological division of the Nakshatras between three sub-categories Devata, Manushya, and Raksha. • This is based on the temperament and the basic nature of the person. It helps in understanding the mental character and spiritual outlook of the pair. • Couples belonging to the same Gana hold maximum compatibility points. • Gana Dosh is when the couple shares different nature and temperament and scores minimum compatibility points. It creates issues in the marital life by making it difficult to adjust to the partner’s spiritual and mental outlook.
  • 39. Gana Koot Milan: Couples belonging to the same Gana hold maximum compatibility points.
  • 40. Kundli Matching Bhakoot : • Bhakoot is the second most important category for matching the Kundali. • It holds seven points (7 Pts) and is related to the financial and career-related doshas in the horoscopes. • Boy and girl belonging to the same zodiac sign or sharing the same planetary ruler are most compatible with each other. • The difference in Bhakoot brings major marital issues which may end up in divorce between the couple.
  • 41. Bhakoot Milan: The difference in Bhakoot brings major marital issues which may end up in divorce between the couple.
  • 42. Kundli Matching Nadi : • This is the most important Koota, holding the maximum score of 8 points (8 Pts). Nadi has 27 Nakshatras in all, further divided into 3 sub-categories Adi, Madhya, and Antya. • This Koota is related to the hereditary aspects of the couple. It shows the cycle of the genetic ability of the couple to give birth to a new life. • Children of couples belonging to the same Nadi are more prone to mental and health diseases. • Too much similarity in the Nakshatras can lead to their inability to produce a child. Nadi dosh may also result in the separation of the couple. The couple should belong to different Nadi’s for maximum compatibility score. Different Nadi’s reduce the risk of any health-related issues of both the couple and their children.
  • 43. Nadi Milan: The couple should belong to different Nadi’s for maximum compatibility score This Koota is related to the hereditary aspects of the couple
  • 44. Kundli Matching Mangal Dosha • For marriage, Mangal dosha is given the most importance. All those who have a Mangal dosha in the kundli, those horoscopes are termed as manglik. • If this dosha is present they will not be happy with a person who does not have a Mangal dosha. There are several remedies according to the Shastra siddhantas both need to have a Mangal dosha to have a happy life.
  • 45. Mangal Dosha : All those who have a Mangal dosha in the kundli, those horoscopes are termed as manglik
  • 46. How many points should match in kundali for Marriage • For a happy, successful and blissful marriage, the minimum Kundali match score should be between 18-24. • If the score is below 18, then marriage is not advised. If the score is above 24, it is an ideal number for a joyous and trouble-free married life. The Guna Milan score helps in deciding the possibility of a prosperous married life.
  • 47. How many points should match in kundali for Marriage
  • 48. Can marital life be difficult even after matching horoscope? • In Hinduism, the institution of marriage is very auspicious. • While there are many rituals and customs performed for the success of a couple’s marriage but the most important among them is kundli milan aka matching of horoscopes. • But is the matching of horoscopes enough to ensure the success of marriage? • Many people argue that in ancient times marriages were even successful when horoscopes were not matched.
  • 49. Can marital life be difficult even after matching horoscope? • But despite matching of horoscopes, it is often seems that the health of a couple’s marriage deteriorates, causing much unhappiness and obstacles.
  • 50. But is the matching of horoscopes enough to ensure the success of marriage? • Ram Sita : A perfect 36 score kundli match still lead an unsuccessful married life. • Astrology is just probability, it never gives an accurate answer. • Shree Ram and Mata Sita had a match of all 36 Gunas but their marriage was not a success, they were made to leave the kingdom and when they returned, Shri Ram abandoned Sita.
  • 51. Astrology is just probability, it never gives an accurate answer. Shree Ram and Mata Sita had a match of all 36 Gunas but their marriage was not a success
  • 52. Premarital Checkup Before Matching Horoscope • You must have heard a common proverb, ‘Prevention is better than cure.’ This is important especially when there is no cure for a condition. • A premarital checkup is significant because of this reason only. It helps couples to know about the health condition of their partners and prevent welcoming a life-threatening disease. • As a couple, you get sexually intimate with your other half and that’s the time when you become susceptible to getting infectious diseases.
  • 53. Premarital Checkup Before Matching Horoscope
  • 54. Premarital Screening a medical kundli milan • A premarital test is a test that offers a crucial health assessment of soon-to-be married couples in which they are tested for genetic, infectious and transmissible diseases to prevent any risk of transmitting any disease to each other and their children.
  • 55. Premarital Screening a medical kundli milan
  • 56. Premarital Screening • Marriage is considered a remarkable event in a couple’s life, as they plan to start a family, and through which they usher in a new stage in terms of building emotional, social, familial and healthy relationships. • Premarital testing programs should educate couples, providing accurate and unbiased information. • Family background, hereditary factors, age, diet, exercise, weight management and addictions all contribute to the bigger picture.
  • 59. Premarital Screening • For couples considering marriage, pre-marital screening helps identify potential health problems and risks for themselves and also their offspring. • It is vital for couples to be screened in order to aid them to understand their genetics and help them take the necessary precautions or treatments.
  • 60. Importance of Premarital Screening: • Gauge the positive health status of prospective bride and groom • Detect infectious diseases – Hepatitis B infection, HIV, HCV and other sexually transmitted diseases • Identify carriers of genetic disorders, in order to assess the risk of having children with a severe form of disease. The couple can then choose whether or not to have an affected child. e.g. Thalassemia, Hemophilia and Sickle Cell Disease
  • 61. Detect infectious diseases – Hepatitis B infection, HIV, HCV and other sexually transmitted diseases
  • 62. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening • Routine Investigations – Complete Blood Count (CBC), Complete Urine Analysis and Peripheral Blood Smears to check for normal and abnormal cells. • Blood group testing (ABO-RH) is important to screen out the Rh-negative women and counsel them about the risks in pregnancy.
  • 63. Blood group testing (ABO-RH) • Blood Group Testing: ABO-RH testing is important to screen out the RH-factor incompatibility and counsel women about the risks involved in pregnancy. • If known in advance the doctor can give anti-Rh immune-globulin shots during her first pregnancy. • The Rh immune-globulin shots work like a vaccine, which prevents the mother’s body from producing any dangerous Rh antibodies that can cause serious complications in the new-born or complicate any future pregnancies
  • 64. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh negative and her fetus' blood type is Rh positive. Rh incompatibility, also known as Rh disease
  • 65. Rh incompatibility • Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh negative and her fetus' blood type is Rh positive. Antibodies from an Rh negative mother may enter the blood stream of her unborn Rh positive infant, damaging the red blood cells (RBCs).
  • 67. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening Infectious Diseases • VDRL for Syphilis Testing • HIV I & II • Hepatitis-B Screening • Hepatitis-C Virus • Infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Syphilis and Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD). • ​Among the blood-borne viruses transmissible through the parenteral route, by blood transfusion, as well as, by sexual intercourse, Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are important and have several implications.
  • 68. Infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Syphilis and Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
  • 69. Pre-marital Screening • Pre-marital Screening also helps rule out carrier status of potentially life-threatening infectious diseases like HIV and HBV. • The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that HBV is 50 – 100 times more infectious than HIV. • HBV can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard yourself from these potentially life-threatening diseases with simple screening.
  • 70. Pre-marital Screening also helps rule out carrier status of potentially life-threatening infectious diseases like HIV and HBV
  • 71. Pre-marital Screening • Not only do they establish asymptomatic persistent infections, but they also cause significant morbidity and mortality when transmitted through transfusion of blood and blood products. • Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early stage results in serious complications and sequelae, including infertility, fetal wastage, ectopic pregnancy, cancer and death.
  • 72. Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early stage results in serious complications, including infertility, fetal wastage, ectopic pregnancy, cancer and death
  • 73. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening Genetic Tests • Doctors usually go for culture based genetic screening. Depending on your family history and ancestry, different tests are designed for different disorders like thalassemia • The tests are especially referred to in ‘consanguineous marriages’ or relationships by blood or common ancestry, in which the chances of offspring inheriting a recessive allele for a disease are increased. The closer the relationship, the greater the risk • Genetic tests are done by analyzing small samples of blood or body tissues
  • 74. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening Inherited diseases • In case you do not have any grave condition that can affect your child’s health or you are not carrying any dormant gene or condition, but your partner does, your child may anyway get affected. So, it is important to check if your, to be life partner is suffering from any bloodborne diseases like Marfan syndrome, Huntington’s disease, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, thalassemia etc.
  • 75. Marfan syndrome & Huntington’s disease
  • 76. Sickle Cell Anemia & Hemophilia
  • 77. Genetic tests are especially referred to in ‘consanguineous marriages’ or relationships by blood or common ancestry
  • 78. Genetic Tests • Thalassemia • Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder (passed from parents to children through genes). • Anemia is a disorder in which your body doesn’t have enough normal, healthy Red Blood Cells (RBC).
  • 80. Thalassemia • When thalassemia is called “alpha” or “beta,” it refers to the part of hemoglobin that isn’t being made. • If either the alpha or beta part is not made, there aren’t enough building blocks to make normal amounts of hemoglobin. • Low alpha is called alpha thalassemia. Low beta is called beta thalassemia.
  • 82. Thalassemia • When the words “trait,” “minor,” “intermedia,” or “major” are used, these words describe how severe the thalassemia is. • A person who has thalassemia minor trait may not have any symptoms at all or may have only mild anemia, while a person with thalassemia major may have severe symptoms and may need regular blood transfusions.
  • 84. Thalassemia ( Minor & Major) • What is Thalassemia Minor? • People with a thalassemia mutation only in one gene are known as carriers or are said to have thalassemia minor. Thalassemia minor results in no anemia or very slight anemia. People who are carriers do not require blood transfusion or iron therapy, unless proven to be iron deficient.
  • 85. Thalassemia ( Minor & Major) • What is Thalassemia Major? • Children born with thalassemia major usually develop the symptoms of severe anemia within the first year of life. Lacking the ability to produce normal adult hemoglobin, children with thalassemia major: • Are chronically fatigued • Fail to thrive • Can show growth abnormalities
  • 87. Genetic Tests • Genotype test: This test will reveal whether a person is a carrier of the sickle-cell gene. • This test is a very important test as if both the partners carry the sickle cell gene, then they are in a high risk of having a baby born with a serious disease.
  • 89. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening Sexually transmitted diseases • You can get diseases and infections like chlamydia, HIV infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc., if your partner is suffering from any such condition and you get sexually intimate with him or her. • These health problems are severe and can cause long- term damage. In fact, some of them can even claim your life. • Not opting for a premarital checkup and being infected by a sexually transmitted disease, later on, can affect your marriage and life drastically.
  • 90.
  • 92. Pre-marital Screening • Infertility • Infertility is quite a prevalent issue these days. Almost every other person is going through this problem. • Infertility may cause unnecessary psychological, social, biological, and emotional trauma. • To avoid any such occurrence, you must go for a fertility checkup and ask your future partner also to do the same.
  • 94. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening • Fertility Test: This test is done to ascertain the fertility of a couple. More often, a couple is unaware that they have fertility problems until about 2 or more years of marriage and after unsuccessful trials at conceiving. • The test is really important as fertility issues can be concluded earlier without going through any social or emotional trauma related to barrenness. Fertility test typically includes a semen analysis for the man to assess for male fertility and test for ovulation for the woman.
  • 96. Tests that constitute Premarital Screening Screening for Chronic Diseases: Chronic diseases like diabetes and thyroid function problems must be screened for. This is because they have negative effects on the outcome of a pregnancy. • Any couple intending to marry must know their thyroid and diabetic status because of the association of these conditions with infertility and high-risk pregnancies.
  • 97. Any couple intending to marry must know their thyroid and diabetic status because of the association of these conditions with infertility and high-risk pregnancies.
  • 98. Premedical Screening Before Kundli • In India, before marriages there are compatibility concerns on various issues but medical issues are never given their due importance. • People tend to overlook or are unaware of the health aspect of the marriage. • Premarital checkup should be conducted for a soon-to- be-married couple in order to identify if there is any injury with genetic blood diseases, such as sickle-cell anemia – or infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV/ Aids. • It would provide the couple with a medical consultation on the odds of transmitting any discovered diseases and also to give options and alternatives to plan a perfectly healthy family.
  • 100. Premedical Screening Before Kundli • A premarital check-up also helps the couple on how to take care of each other on the basis of their health history. • Basically, premarital check-up can be done anytime, however, the right time is six months before the wedding. • It is vital for couples to be screened to help them understand their medical status and help them take the necessary precautions or treatments.
  • 101. Basically, premarital check-up can be done anytime, however, the right time is six months before the wedding
  • 102. • Ideally, both the sides must discuss the “family medical history” in the presence of a doctor, as a comprehensive medical checkup for the prospective spouse is equally or more important than matching Janam patris. • But the problem is with the acceptance of this advice. Premedical Screening Before Kundli
  • 103. Comprehensive Medical Checkup For The Prospective Spouse Is Equally Or More Important Than Matching Janam Patris
  • 105. Conclusion • In a country like India, where parents hide even serious illnesses like heart problems, psychiatric problems, epilepsy, and even diabetes type I at the time of marriage, it may be too much to expect of such pre-marital checkups. • But looking into several cases of disastrous consequences of “medically incompatible marriage”, it seems prudent to be considered mandatory.
  • 107. Conclusion • As said marriages are decided in heaven but knots are tied up by one of these two methods in our society: • Arranged Marriage: Socially accepted and practiced method where ‘offer’ for marriage is given by appropriate party and then, marriage is finalized on the basis of match-making. • Love Marriage: Recently established way of selecting marriage partner after some contact, friendship and/or attraction because of looks. Here prospective partners for marriage decide themselves to marry with or without consent from parents and families.
  • 108. As said marriages are decided in heaven but knots are tied up by one of these two methods
  • 109. Conclusion • Well, either way, final decision of marriage is made after checking possibility of matching with each other on the basis of social, academic, financial and/or physical appearance. • What is hardly considered and ignored in total is the ‘Pre- marital detailed medical check-up’ of both of the partners. • Pre-marital health checkup is important to know the health and fitness of your future partner. • Whereas, genetic counseling helps to know the risk of inherited disorder and the probability of developing and transmitting it. • Being an important aspect of happy married life you really need to care about this aspect.
  • 110. Case Study : Law On Pre-marital Tests • The increase in divorce cases being filed due to the husband’s impotency or frigidity, has prompted a high court poser to the government suggesting an amendment in the marriage laws to include mandatory pre-marital tests. Dubbing it as a human tragedy which is avoidable, Justice N. Kirubakaran of the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court suggested, “if pre-marital clinical examinations are done, it will prevent impotents from getting married and also prevent marriages of people suffering from dangerous and incurable diseases". • https://www.femina.in/lifestyle/in-the-news/law-on-premarital- tests-2986.html
  • 111. Justice N. Kirubakaran of the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court suggested, “if pre-marital clinical examinations are done, it will prevent impotents from getting married and also prevent marriages of people suffering from dangerous and incurable diseases".
  • 113. Case Study India: Should Pre-Marital Testing Be made Free & Mandatory? • HC view on pre-marital clinical exam vindicated • A recent divorce case sheds light on travails faced by women due to marital crimes • https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/HC-view-on-pre-marital- clinical-exam-vindicated/article14623395.ece
  • 114. Recent divorce case sheds light on travails faced by women due to marital crimes https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/HC-view-on-pre-marital-clinical- exam-vindicated/article14623395.ece
  • 115. Terminology • Consanguine marriage Consanguine marriage is marriage between individuals who are closely related.
  • 116. Terminology • Marriage Compatibility Compatibility in a relationship means that both partners understand and accept each other's life philosophy and goals, as well as genuinely enjoy being around each other without feeling preoccupied by what they feel needs to change within their partner.
  • 117. Terminology • Kundali Matching • Kundali matching or Kundli milan is the vedic astrology equivalent of horoscope matching for marriage.
  • 118. A Premarital Question (A Question Before Marriage) | A Short Film • https://youtu.be/LM7AlP0DQoA
  • 119. References • Before you say ‘I do’ • https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/before-you-say-i-do- 1540561936547.html • Bride and groom, get these 4 medical tests done before the wedding • https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health- news/bride-and-groom-get-these-4-medical-tests-done-before-the- wedding/photostory/72604694.cms • Exploring the Effectiveness of Mandatory Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling Programmes for β-Thalassaemia in the Middle East: A Scoping Review • https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/430837 • Horoscope Matching • https://www.astrosage.com/freechart/matchmaking.asp • How Kundli Matching For Marriage Works? • https://www.mpanchang.com/astrology/kundali-matching/
  • 120. References • Marriage • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage • Significance of horoscope or kundli matching in marriages • https://www.deccanchronicle.com/in-focus/100121/significance-of-horoscope-or- kundli-matching-in-marriages.html • The importance of premarital health checkup • https://www.biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12509/the-importance-of- premarital-health-checkup.html • Understanding Relationship Compatibility Factors • https://dating.lovetoknow.com/What_Is_Compatibility_in_a_Relationship • Why couples must get premarital health checkup done about six months before the wedding • https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/premarital-health-checkup- couples-marriage-7623732/ • Why Kundli Matching/ Matching Of Charts Fail Sometime? • https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/outlook-spotlight-why-kundli- matching-matching-of-charts-fail-sometime/359548
  • 121. Govt. should make Pre-marital Screening mandatory to reduce divorce rates and marriage related frauds & crimes in India