2. Is an elastomer—an elastic hydrocarbon
polymer—that was originally derived from a
milky colloidal suspension, or latex, found in
the sap of some plants
The purified form of natural rubber is the
chemical poly-isoprene .
The entropy model of rubber was developed in
1934 by Werner Kuhn.
3. Started in South America
South Americans had collected rubber from a
plant named Castilla elastica.
These people used to play a ball game by
making balls of rubber.
It was also used in making temporary
shoes, fixing stone and metal tools to wooden
handles and making water proof clothes.
It was later found that rubber was successful in
erasing or rubbing the pencil marks on the
paper. That's how this material got the name
‘Rubber’
4. Generally cultivated in large plantations.
The soil is generally well-drained weathered
soil consisting of laterite, lateritic
types, sedimentary types, non-lateritic red or
alluvial soils.
5. (a) Rainfall of around 250 cm evenly
distributed without any marked dry season
and with at least 100 rainy days per annum
(b) Temperature range of about 20°C to 34°C
with a monthly mean of 25°C to 28°C
(c) High atmospheric humidity of around 80%
(d) Bright sunshine amounting to about 2000
hours per annum at the rate of 6 hours per day
throughout the year and
(e) Absence of strong winds.
6. High-yielding clones have been developed for
commercial planting.
2,000 kilograms of dry Rubber per hectare per
annum, when grown under ideal conditions.
7. The shell of half a coconut is used as the
collection container for the latex.
The cups are supported by a wire that encircles
the tree.
This wire incorporates a spring so that it can
stretch as the tree grows
8. The latex is led into the cup by a galvanised
quot;spoutquot; that has been .
Tapping normally takes place early in the
morning when the internal pressure of the tree
is highest.
The latex, which contains 25 - 40% dry
rubber, is in the bark so the tapper must avoid
cutting right through to the wood
10. Household to industrial products
Door and window
profiles, hoses, belts, matting, flooring and
dampeners
Gloves
Adhesives
Textile industry
11. Auto tyres
Auto tubes
automobile parts
footwear
belting
hoses
cycle tyres and tubes
cables and wires
camelback
battery boxes
latex products
pharmaceutical goods
12. An extensive plantation sector
Indigenous availability of the basic raw
materials, like natural rubber, synthetic
rubber, reclaim rubber, carbon black, rubber
chemicals, fatty acids, rayon and nylon yarn
and so on.
A large domestic market.
Availability of cheap labour.
Training facility in various technical institutes.
On-going economic reforms.
Improved living standards of the masses.
15. Marketing of Natural rubber is not as complex as
other commodities. It involves only a few
intermediaries such as:
Commission agents
Traders
Processors
Manufacturers
Market flow of rubber involved only one or two
intermediaries before reaching the factories.
Market flow is only up to the company or end-
users of processed rubber.
16. Usually farmers will make the sheets of rubber
and sell it none of the respondents were selling
the latex due to the fact that its price is very
less compared rubber sheets.
A big farmer will own a sheet rolling machine
and all the nearby farmers will use his sheet
rolling machine to make rubber sheets. In
return the small farmers will give one days
sheet as rent.
17. There is a Rubber Board consists of government agencies that
provides research, extension and marketing assistance to rubber
producers.
The Rubber Board had a headquarter which also serves as a
training center.
World’s 4th largest producer of NR
Unique in India is the structure of production. While other
countries rely on large plantations, India’s rubber producers
are smallholders, averaging less than 5 ha/family.
18. Processing & Quality up gradation.
Aimed at improving the quality of rubber sheet produced in the region.
Promote group processing & effluent treatment through financial &
technical
support.
Market promotion??
Transportation assistance for input items & latex.
Publication of price, participation in trade fairs & exhibitions.
Human Resource Development
Training for growers, tappers, workers & other stake holders
Labour welfare activities.
Equipping training centres and expansion of office space and residential
buildings
19.
20. To identify the implications of rubber farming
practices followed by the rural farmers.
To identify the problems faced by rural farmers
in marketing the natural rubber.
21. Population
Research Methodology
Sampling
Sample size- 38
Scope of the study
Limitations of the study
25. Number of farmers
10
10
9
8
7
6
6
5 Number of farmers
4
3
2
1 1
1
0
0
Less than 1 Year Between 1 to 5 Between 5 to 10 Between 10 to 20 above 20 Year
Year Year Year
26. Number of farmers
8 8
8
7
6
5
4 Number of farmers
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
Less than 1 Year Between 1 to 5 Between 5 to 10 Between 10 to 20 above 20 Year
Year Year Year
30. Number of farmers
12
12
10
8
6
Number of farmers
6
4
2 1
0 0
0
Less than 1 1 to 3 3 to 5 5 to 10 More than 10
31. Number of farmers
16
16
14
12
10
Number of farmers
8
6
4
2
1
2
0 0
0
Less than 1 1 to 3 3 to 5 5 to 10 More than 10
32. Number of farmers
18
18
16
14
12
10
Number of farmers
8
6
4
1
2
0 0
0
30-30-30 NPK Any of NPK Rotted cattle manure Compost and well
rotted cattle manure
33. Number of farmers
19
20
18
16
14
12
10 Number of farmers
8
6
4
2
0 0 0
0
30-30-30 NPK Any of NPK Rotted cattle manure Compost and well
rotted cattle manure
34. Number of farmers
19
20
16
18
16
14
12
10
5
8
3
6
4
2
0
Abnormal Leaf Fall Dry Rot, Stump Rot Shoot Rot Bird's Eye Spot
Collar Rot or Charcoal
Rot
Number of farmers
35. Number of farmers
Number of farmers
5
4
0 0
Abnormal Leaf Fall Dry Rot, Stump Rot Collar Shoot Rot Bird's Eye Spot
Rot or Charcoal Rot
36. Number of farmer
15
16
14
12
10
Number of farmer
8
6
3
4
2
0 0 0
0
Less than 1 Km 1 to 5 Kms 5 to 10 Kms 10 to 20 Kms More than 20 Km
37. Number of farmer
19
20
18
16
14
12
Number of farmer
10
8
6
4
2
0 0 0 0
0
Less than 1 Km 1 to 5 Kms 5 to 10 Kms 10 to 20 Kms More than 20 Km
38. Number of farmers
18
18
16
14
12
10
Number of farmers
8
6
4
1
2
0 0
0
Commission agents Traders Processors Manufacturers
39. Number of farmers
14
14
12
10
8
Number of farmers
6
4
4
1
2
0
0
Commission agents Traders Processors Manufacturers
40. Factor Mean
Operational difficulty due to 8.32
insufficient manpower
Insufficient supply of planting 2.61
material
Remoteness of plant location and poor 1.83
communication facility
Occurrence of pests and diseases 3.43
Absence of price support and 5.71
Unstable price/fluctuation
Price manipulation by the traders 1.21
Low product quality 7.21
Don’t have village level processing 4.12
plant
Lack of storage 3.13
41. Factor Mean
Operational difficulty due to 1.26
insufficient manpower
Insufficient supply of planting 7.83
material
Remoteness of plant location and poor 6.58
communication facility
Occurrence of pests and diseases 2.48
Absence of price support and 2.12
Unstable price/fluctuation
Price manipulation by the traders 8.65
Low product quality 4.21
Don’t have village level processing 6.38
plant
Lack of storage 5.91
42. Number of farmers
19
20
18
16
14
12
Number of farmers
10
8
6
4
2 0 0
0
more Demand than supply more Supply than demand Supply and Demand are
equal
43. Financial support to Board for Block Planting
Support to NGOs and SHGs to start nurseries. This is
a viable economic activity especially for Women
SHGs.
Policy decision for allotment of suitable land for
large scale planting of rubber by Private/
Government agencies.
A Nodal agency to be identified by each State
Government to liaise with Rubber Board in
Developmental activities.
Sanction of Central Government for posting
essential staff and Allotment of land for Board’s
research trials in the field