Tutorial: Standardization Efforts for Smart Cities - GS1/ISO/IEC Standards At-a-Glance: Identify, Capture, Share, and Use

Tutorial: Standardization Efforts for Smart Cities
GS1/ISO/IEC Standards At-a-Glance:
Identify, Capture, Share, and Use
Daeyoung Kim
September 16, 2018
Professor, School of Computing, KAIST
Director, Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
• kimd@kaist.ac.kr, http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr, http://autoidlabs.org, http://gs1.org

https://news.joins.com/article/22942850
Kauffman Stadium:
GLN (Global Location Number)
American Royal Rodeo Show:
GTIN (Global Trade Item Number)
National WW1 Museum:
GLN (Global Location Number)
Kansas City Scout Statue:
GLN & GIAI
The Nelson-Atkins Museum’s Arts:
GIAI (Global Individual Asset Identifier)
World of Fun’s Discount Ticket:
GCN (Global Coupon Number)
B-Bike in KC:
GRAI (Global Returnable
Asset Identifier)
Souvenir of Museum
GTIN (Global Trade
Item Number)

Manufacturing Data
(Parts, Factory,
Manufacturing date)
Korea, Busan Bus Spain, Santander Bus
Registration/
Inspection Data
(VIN, Plate Number,
Reg. Number, Owner,
Inspection Data)
Sensor Data
(Location, Speed,
RPM)
Accident Record
Data
(Date, Location,
Damages)
Arrival
Estimation
Service
Traceability
Service
Recall
Service
Nearby
School
Service
Advertise-
ment
Service

Seoul
Busan
InIn Korea, 50 number of Bus Line #100, Three bus stops of ID 43030
Local and non-standard Identification System, API, and Data format/contents
1. Data Sharing
(Data Hub)

QR code carries a single service
Through URL
Needs Scalability
2. Service Sharing
(Service Hub)

© Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST
Slide 10
Humanitarian
Logistics
Provides Data and Service Sharing
Framework for various
Industry Domains
“Smart City” and “Internet of Things”
where people and things live together
“Internet of Things
in Data and Service Perspectives＂

Slide 11
GS1, The Global Language of Business
GS1 is the non-profit organization which
• Provides the common foundation (standards) for business by uniquely identifying, accurately capturing, and
automatically sharing vital information about products, locations, and assets
• Enables visibility through the exchange of authentic data
• Empowers business to grow and to improve efficiency, safety, security, and sustainability, Using
• Consists of 112 Member Organizations and 170 countries, and more than 2 millions companies and organizations

Slide 12
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC31 Adopts GS1 Standards for Applications
and Automatic Identification and Data Capturing
• ISO Application Standards
that refers GS1 Standards
• GS1 Components ⇔ ISO/IEC Standard

Slide 13
Proposed Stack of Standards
for Smart City Platform
Datanet Stack (GS1/ISO/IEC)
Internet Stack (IEEE/IETF)
Web Stack (W3C)

Slide 14
GS1 Standards for Internet of Things
- Data and Service Perspectives
USESHARECAPTUREIDENTIFY
GTIN GLN SSCC GRAI GIAI GSRN GDTI GINC GSIN GCN CPID GMN
GS1 Keys and Key Qualifiers
Identification Key Syntax
“Plain” Syntax EPC URI
Barcode Symbologies RFID
Application Identifier Syntax
EAN/UPC Familiy GS1 DataBar1D/2D Barcodes
DCI ALE RM LLRP
• Identification
• S/W Interfaces
UHF GEN2 HF AirTDS TDT
Element string syntax Binary encodings (RFID) AIs for keys AIs for supplementary data
• Air I/F
EDI (Transaction Data) Product Data Sharing (Master Data) Visibility Event Data
Network ONS Certificate Profile
GS1
XML
EAN
COM
GS1 UN/CEFACT
XML
CBVGDSN GS1 Source GPC GS1 Smart Search
GS1 Digital Link GS1 Mobile Ready Hero Images
Traceability
Streamlining Business Processes
Internet of Things (IoT)

Slide 15
GS1 History [1973-Present]
(1) Product ID Standard
‘UPC’ in U.S
(3) EAN Established in
Europe
(4) GS1-128, GS1 EDI
(5) UCC/EAN Cooperative
Agreement
(7) Auto-ID Labs & EPC
Launching
(9) RFID/GDSN Standard
(6) ISO SC31 Launching (11) Entering B2C 2007
(10) New Name ‘GS1’
(8) EPCglobal Launching
(12) U.S FDA adopted GS1
UDI for medical devices
(13) GS1 Application
Standard for Railway
(2) UCC Established in U.S

Slide 16
GS1 Philosophy and Internet of Things
GS1’s Internet of Things handles everything
Passive Active Sensors & Actuators Wearables, Mobile Smart Consumer
Electronics
People, Documents
Virtual Things

Slide 17
GS1 국제표준의 주요 개념과
스마트시티 적용 방법
스마트시티 객체
식별 및 분류 체계
인식 기술
데이터 공유
스마트시티 서비스
표준 가이드라인
스마트시티 적용

Slide 18
GS1 Company Prefix for Identifying Companies
and Organizations (e.g., Cities)
• Globally unique GS1 company prefixes are allocated to each company
and organization
• GS1 Company Prefix = GS1 Prefix + Company No
• With GS1 Company Prefix, companies and organizations could use
various GS1 Keys such as GTIN, GRAI, GIAI, GLN, GSRN, etc
GS1 ID Key
Company Prefix
X X (X)* X X X (X)* X X X X X (X)*
GS1 Prefix
Assigned by Global
GS1 Office
* length: 2-3
Company No.
Assigned by GS1 MO
* length: variable
Reference No.
Class level number for
Internet objects,
products, people,
places, and services
* length: variableX X X X X X X X X (X)*
Serial / Extension No.
Instance level number for Internet objects,
products, people, places, and services
* length: variable
• A GTIN is a unique number that identifies any pre-defined trade item

Slide 19
GS1 ID Types Usage Scenario
(Smart Cities Resource Identifier)
Volkswagen Models (GTIN)
AVIS Rental Cars (GRAI)
AVIS Shuttle Bus (GIAI) AVIS Contract Documents (GDTI)
AVIS Employees and Customers (GSRN)
AVIS Rental Office (GLN)
Automotive Components (CPID)
AVIS Coupon (GCN)
Pallet / Box (SSCC)
Manual Books (ISBN)
Shipping (GSIN)
Consignment (GINC)

Slide 20
GS1 Code Specification (1/2)
Global Identification for Smart City Resources

Slide 21
GS1 Code Specification (2/2)
Global Identification for Smart City Resources

Slide 22
GS1 Code Examples
(s)GTIN
• GS1-128: (01)88000169000420(21)001442387
• Pure Identity URI: urn:epc:id:sgtin:80001690.80042.001442387
• Tag Encoding URI(96 bits): urn:epc:tag:sgtin-96:0.80001690.80042.001442387
• Tag Encoding URI(198 bits): urn:epc:tag:sgtin-198:0.80001690.80042.001442387
• Hexadecimal(96 bits): 3012625d4d4e2a8000160253
• Hexadecimal(198 bits): 3612625d4d4e2a983062d1a3266e1b8000000000000000000000
(s)GLN
• GS1-128: (414)8800016923452(254)5248367
• Pure Identity URI: urn:epc:id:sgln:88000169.2345.5248367
• Tag Encoding URI(96 bits): urn:epc:tag:sgln-96:3.88000169.2345.5248367
• Tag Encoding URI(195 bits): urn:epc:tag:sgln-195:3.88000169.2345.5248367
• Hexadecimal(96 bits): 32729f63549252000050156f
• Hexadecimal(195 bits): 39729f63549252d593470cdb3700000000000000000000000000
Refer: https://www.mimasu.nl/tdt
GIAI
• GS1-128: (8004)88000169114235adv
• Pure Identity URI: urn:epc:id:giai:88000169.114235adv
• Tag Encoding URI(96 bits): urn:epc:tag:giai-96:3.88000169.1142
• Tag Encoding URI(202 bits): urn:epc:tag:giai-202:3.88000169.114235adv
• Hexadecimal(96 bits): 34729f635480000000000476
• Hexadecimal(202 bits): 38729f6354b162d19336b8727600000000000000000000000000
GSRN
• GS1-128: (8018)880001692345678906
• Pure Identity URI: urn:epc:id:gsrn:88000169.234567890
• Tag Encoding URI(96 bits): urn:epc:tag:gsrn-96:0.88000169.234567890
• Hexadecimal(96 bits): 2d129f63548dfb38d2000000
GDTI
• GS1-128: (253)88000169234525678
• Pure Identity URI: urn:epc:id:gdti:88000169.2345.5678
• Tag Encoding URI(96 bits): urn:epc:tag:gdti-96:3.88000169.2345.5678
• Tag Encoding URI(174 bits): urn:epc:tag:gdti-174:3.88000169.2345.5678
• Hexadecimal(96 bits): 2c729f63549252000000162e
• Hexadecimal(174 bits): 3e729f63549252d5b377000000000000000000000000
• GS1 code examples with various GS1 code format

Slide 23
GS1 Application Identifiers (AIs)
~~~~
GTIN
Net weigh
GS1 DataBar example
GTIN
Expiry date
Batch/lot number
GS1 DataMatrix example
• AIs are needed when GS1 barcodes hold multiple data
elements
• GS1 has defined over a 100 AIs
• AIs are also used in EPC/RFID tags to encode date
elements in the user memory bank
• AIs are mandatory in GS1-128, GS1 DataBar,
GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code
GS1-128 example
Batch/lot
number
Production
Date

Slide 24
Global Product(Things) Classification (GPC)
- Classification of Smart City Resources
Identification (GTIN) vs Classification (GPC)
GPC is a rules-based, four-tier
classification system for grouping
things.
The four tiers are
Segment, Family, Class, and Brick.
(with attributes and attribute values)
A Brick identifies a category
incorporating identifiers (e.g. GTIN)
that serve a common purpose,
are of a similar form and material,
and share the same set of category
attributes.

Slide 25
Global Product (Things) Classification (GPC)

Slide 26
GS1 Capturing Methods - Barcode
• EAN/UPC
- Instantly-recognizable
- Printed on virtually every consumer product in the world
- The longest-established and most widely-used of all GS1
barcodes
• Data bar
- Compact 1D barcodes
- Able to hold additional product attributes such as the
weight of fresh foods
• GS1-128 and ITF-14
- Versatile barcodes
- Enable items to be tracked through global supply chains
- GS1-128 : carry GS1 ID key, serial number, expiration
dates, etc
- ITF-14 : only hold the Global Trade Item Number(GTIN)

Slide 27
GS1 Capturing Methods – Data Matrix
Data Matrix
• 2D barcodes
• Squares or rectangles that consisting of black and white "cells“ which represent 1 and 0 each
• Hold a significant amount of information
• Legible even when printed at a small size
• Still read message within damaged cells, due to error correction codes
• Used in a wide range of industries, from manufacturing and warehousing to logistics and healthcare

Slide 28
GS1 Capturing Methods – QR Code
QR Code
• 2D barcodes
• Squares or rectangles that contain many small, individual dots
• A machine-readable optical label that contains information about the item to which it is attached
• Legible even when printed at a small size
• Use four standardized encoding modes, such as numeric, alphanumeric, byte/binary, and kanji, to store data
• Processed using Reed–Solomon error correction until the image can be appropriately interpreted
• Used in a wide range of industries

Slide 29
GS1 Capturing Methods – RFID and
more (Bluetooth, WiFi, Camera/AI, …)
Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
• Binary form of Electronic Product Code(EPC)
• Uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects
• Capture the unique identifiers at high rates and at distances well in excess of 10 m
• Be leveraged to boost supply chain visibility and increase inventory accuracy
• Used in many industries

Slide 30
GS1 GDSN / Global Registry Attributes (B2B)
The Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) enables partners to globally share trusted product data
This automatic and efficient exchange helps in meeting the demand of today's data-hungry consumers.
Registered GTINs: >27million!
Trading Partners: >45,000!

Slide 31
GS1 Source / Trusted Source of Data (B2C) –
Smart City Master Data
GS1 Source facilitates the emergence of a system
of federated Data Aggregators, each capable of
delivering trusted data about products to Internet
Applications.
Each Data Aggregator will draw upon a variety of
sources for this data, including GDSN.
Brand owners supply trusted data to the Data
Aggregators through GDSN or other means.

Slide 32
GS1 Cloud / GS1 Activate
• GS1 Cloud is made of two parts: GS1 Cloud platform and GS1 Cloud services
• It will be the largest source of trusted product information in the world, making it possible for businesses to
meet the expectations of today’s digital world.
Consumers will be able to get the brand-sourced
product data from retailers, marketplaces and apps,
leading to increased consumer satisfaction and trust
Companies across industries (including healthcare)
will benefit as the distribution of trusted product
data becomes more efficient and seamless

Slide 33
GS1 SmartSearch
(Can it be used to search smart city data and services?)
• GS1 SmartSearch enables search engines, social media, manufacturers, and retailers to provide
structured Web data to end consumers safely and accurately through the GS1 Web
Vocabulary standard.
• GS1's SmartSearch initiative has been working with the schema.org community, creating
a Web-based structured data vocabulary that extends schema.org.
• Advantages of using GS1 SmartSearch
- Improving search results
- Linking products together
- Identifying products via web easily (using QR code and mobile scanning)
- GS1 SmartSearch for Cheerios cereal box -

Slide 34
How GS1 SmartSearch works?
• Steps to use SmartSearch:
‐ Step 1: Convert product data to GS1 SmartSearch format
(JSON-LD file which is then embedded into your online product webpages)
using Web Markup Tool here: https://www.gs1.org/1/smart-search-demo/
‐ Step 2: Create the file and embed this file in the templates of product webpages
‐ Step 3: Publish the web page
By adding structured
product information to
your web pages...
… you help search
engines display more
relevant search results
to your consumers...
… which leads to
more click-throughs
to product pages and
more sales.

Slide 35
GS1 Web Vocabulary
• GS1 Web Vocabulary links the structured web data of the products to GTIN.
• Search engines and on-line shopping malls adopting Web Vocabulary can provide
- highly accurate product search results
- detailed product information
Current on-line shopping mall (Chaos!) New on-line shopping mall,
Structured master data with
GS1 Web Vocabulary
(Cosmos!)
- Organizations involved in development -

Slide 36
GS1 Digital Link
• URN : Uniform Resource Name
Ex) urn:isbn:0451450523
• URL: Uniform Resource Locator
Ex) https://autoidlabs.org/
• URI: Uniform Resource Identifier
broad term includes URN and URI
• Web URI: Intersection of URN and URI
- Formatted like a URL(e.g., https:// …)
- Can resolve to information on the Web (like URLs)
- Can be used to identify resources(like URNs) as a globally unambiguous name
and for use in Linked Data technology to write facts about real-world things
Web URI = URN + URL
URI
(Uniform Resource Identifier)
URN
(Uniform Resource Name)
URL
(Uniform Resource Locator)
Serve as globally unambiguous
names for things
Specify http:// or https:// protocol and
resolve to resources on the web
web URI

Slide 37
GS1 Digital Link
What is GS1 web URI?
• GS1 Web URI
‐ Enables consistent representation of GS1 identification keys within web addresses
‐ Global unambiguous name for something
‐ Provides an easy way to retrieve web resources (e.g. information) relating to the identified thing
• GS1 web URI can be obtained by translation of element strings in existing GS1 data carriers
‐ GS1 Web URI can be used with various kinds of data carriers
- Structural elements of a Web URI -

Slide 38
GS1 Digital Link
• An item identified by a GTIN might be linked to its assembly instructions, its nutritional or food safety
information.
• A location identified by a GLN might be linked to a related entry in a geospatial data system, a GSRN-P
to contact information about the relevant organization.
‐ These links create a Network Effect.
GS1 Digital Link: How can we use GS1 Web URI ?

Slide 39
GS1 Mobile Ready Hero Images
Mobile Ready Hero Images (MRHI)
• Representation of a real world product
• Differ from a standard pack shot
• Maintain the majority of the physical pack’s key
elements of design, shape, and color
• Recognizable
The 4Ws
Who is the brand?
What is it?
Which variety is it?
HoW much of it is there?
NOT
RECOGNIZABLE

Slide 40
How could GS1 help IoT/Smart City
Realize Dataism?
Open
Data
Silo
Silo
Data
Open
Process
Open
Service
Connect
Things
Mashup
Services

Slide 41
EPC Information Service (EPCIS)
Smart City Data Hub (Repository)
• EPC Information Service (EPCIS)
• Current Version 1.2, Oct. 2016
• Also adopted by ISO/IEC standard
[ISO/IEC 19987:2017]
• EPCIS is GS1 Interface and System for
sharing data generated from every day object
• Data Visibility
• Aggregation of Massive Business Data
• Communication between Business Partners

Slide 42
WHAT
Individual Object Instances
(e.g. Bus:GTIN..)
WHERE
Read Point, Business Location
(e.g. Station:GLN, Destination:GLN..)
WHEN
Time Stamp of the event
(date + time + timezone)
WHY
Business Step (e.g. Pickup)
Disposition (e.g. In Transit)
is recorded as a EPCIS EVENT

Slide 43

Slide 44
Core Business Vocabulary (CBV)
• To describe event data, we need standard vocabulary, either Common or User Vocabulary
‐ CBV for all industries
‐ User Vocabulary specific to industry, country, or individual company
(1) urn:epcglobal:cbv:bizstep
:assembling
(4) bizstep:arriving
(3) bizstep:departing
(11)bizstep: destroying
(7) bizstep:inspecting
(5) bizstep:unloading
(9) bizstep:repairing
(10) bizstep:replacing
(6) bizstep:retail_selling
(2) bizstep:loading (8)urn:gs1:epcisapp:
car:bizstep:ecall
(e.g., User vocabulary)
(8)urn:epcglobal:cbv:disp
Damaged
▶ Can be expanded
(to Healthcare, Smart city,…)
Also adopted by ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 19987:2015 standard

Slide 45
EPCIS & CBV 2.0 (On-going)
EPCIS CBV
• Support Party Certification Event
• JSON-LD & Rest Binding
• Support for Sensor Data Capture Event
• Core Business Vocabulary 1.2
-> Comprehensive Business Vocabulary 2.0
• Optimized process for publication of new
vocabulary
• Machine readable vocabulary for automated
parsing into user software

Slide 46
EPC
Information
Service

Slide 47
ONS (Object Naming Service)
Object Name Service
(ONS)
manual
html
epcis
…
• Service Registration, Discovery, and Access
‐ onsepc.kr root ONS server runs by Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
Smart City Services
- Product Descrp.
- Librarian Info.
- Shuttle Time.
- Document Temp.
- Bus Stop Advert.
- etc.
Library Bus stop
Shuttle
Document
Product

Slide 48
ONS Application ONS Client
ONS Peer Roots
Federated ONS Infrastructure
(2)
(4)
(6) (7)GS1 ID keys
AUS FQDN
FQDN Query
NAPTR Records
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
Local caching
nameserver
(5)
AUS
(4)
Service list
Service Server
(9)
(8)
Server for
Service Type

Slide 49
NAPTR RR consist of order, pref, flags(u:url),
service (servicetype.xml), regexp, replacement.
 Order: Distinct records.
 Pref: Distinct records which have same service type.
 Flags: ‘u’-URI, ‘t’-Plain text.
 Service: type of service following ‘Service Type
Class’.
 Regexp: URI or Plain text format which points
service.
Depends on flage of service (text or URI)
 Replacement: ‘.’ or ‘ ’.
ServiceType consist of ServiceTypeID, Abstr, Ext,
WSDL, Homepage, Doc, Obsolates, ObsoletedBy
 ServiceTypeID: ID of service type.
 Abstract: high rank service 0, inherited service 1.
 Extend: extended serviceTypeID. (more info.)
 WSDL: Web Services Description Language.
 Homepage: hompage info.
 Documentation: detail description of service.
 Obsoletes: next version’s serviceTypeID.
 ObsoletedBy: previous version’s serviceTypeID.

Slide 50
• ONS provides class level query. Instance level query is supported by application.
• What is the class level and instance level?
‐ Class level: types, models, brand names and h.
‐ Instance level: specific serial number. Unique identifier for individual product.
‐ Example:
• How to support instance level query?
‐ By additional querying on the application layer specified by ONS for an instance level product.
Class level (Coca Cola bottle 500 ml)
Instance level
(coca cola
1101120B)
Instance level
(coca cola
1101120A)
Class level (Pepsi pet 1.5 L)
Instance level
(pepsi
21029392B)
Instance level
(pepsi
21029392A)

Slide 51
Factory
Track and Trace Products

Slide 52
GS1 Global Traceability Standard 2.0
• Traceability : the ability to trace the history, application or location of an object
[ISO 9001:2015]
• Traceability data : key to enabling better decision making
Time
PresentPast Future
Traceability Data analytics
Monitoring,
Intervention
Prediction,
Prevention
• Objective of GS1 Global Traceability Standard
‐ Assist organizations in the design and implementation of traceability systems based on
the GS1 system of standards
‐ Provide key insights and knowledge for organizations that are developing long-term
traceability goals

Slide 53
• Critical Tracking Events (CTE): actual events that occur to the traceable objects during
their lifecycle, such as receiving, transforming, packing, shipping, and transporting
• Key Data Elements (KDE): actual instances of the CTEs
 Cover the five dimensions of an event (Who, What, Where, When, Why)
CTE & KDE example Traceability data across supply chains

Slide 54
(1) One step up-one step
down
 Parties keep the traceability data in their own local
system
 Information requests are exchanged between
immediate trading partners upstream or downstream
(2) Centralized
 Parties share the traceability data in a central
repository and send their information requests to it
(3) Networked
 Parties keep the traceability data in own local system
and stage it in a way that enables all supply chain
partners to query the data
(4) Cumulative
 Data is enhanced and pushed forward to the next
party in the chain in parallel of the product flow
 Enables sharing of upstream data with further
downstream parties
(5) Decentralized and
replicated
 Mix of the cumulative scenario and networked
scenario  Can be implemented using blockchain
technology
 All partners in network keep a local copy of all data
• Sharing of Traceability Data
‐ Providing access to traceability data to supply chain partners - 5 main models (Based on a
scenario involving three different organizations)

Slide 55
GTS 2.0 for Global Traceability
GTS 2.0 Main Components
(Identify)
(Capture)
(Share)
GS1 Standards GTS 2.0 Standards
Global Traceability 2.0
GTS add-on for Meats GTS add-on for OOO
(Service)
1
2
3
4 4
GTS 2.0 Standard:
GS1 Infra and Other traceability Solutions
Interoperable (Sep. 2017 completed)
EPCIS Cross Sector Standard:
Exchanging Trace Data among EPCIS
Stores (Nov. 2017 Kick off)
Discovery Service Standard:
Query for Discovery of Trace Info.
(Begin 2018)
GTS add-on Standard:
Linking Existing Industry (Begin 2018)
1
2
3
4

Slide 56
[Retail]
Alibaba & Amazon mandate the use of GS1
• 2016 : Alibaba announced that it will apply GS1
standards to all its platforms:
• Recommends GTIN for products sold on Alibaba
• Participates in GS1 GDSN pool
• 2016 : Amazon starts to verify product authenticity
by utilizing GS1 codes (GTIN)

Slide 57
[Food Service]
Food Safety Systems by EU, US, and China
Incorrect Label
Disclosure / Tracking
Authenticity
Recall Service
Foods
US & EU Food Bills:
• US Bioterrorism Act
• US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)
• EU Food Law (EC) 178/2002
• EU Food Regulation EU 1169
• EU General Product Safety Directive (GPSD)
to be replaced soon by a new EU Product
Safety Regulation
• Safe Foods for Canadians Act
• China enacted the enhanced Food Safety Act (2015)
‐ Strict management and supervision system at all
stages including production, distribution and sales
‐ Establishment of food criminal fines and other
penal regulations
‐ Investment of dozens of trillion won in Zhuhai city
to form food cluster
• GS1-based food safety system development and
demonstration (2011-present)
‐ Auto-ID Labs, Fudan university, CFDA, National Food
Safety Institute
‐ 17 Pilot Services
‐ Food cluster business in Zhuhai city, China
‐ Scheduled to run around 2020

Slide 58
[Healthcare] Medicines and Medical Devices
• The US FDA announced in September 2013 that it would apply a global identification code
system for all medical devices.
• Accordingly, the GS1 / FDA Unique Device Identifier (UDI) identifier should be applied to all
devices of the medical device manufacturer, both human readable and in Auto-ID format.
• More than 500,000 medical device information is currently stored in GS1 / FDA's Global UDI
Database (GUDID), of which 90% use GS1 Unique Identifier (GTIN).

Slide 59
• In order to improve railway safety and logistics, European countries have begun to
apply the GS1 Railway system
(Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, ...)
(Australia, India also start to apply)
[Transport and Logistics]
Internet of Trains (GS1 Railway ETCS)
Life of a Train

Slide 60
[Transport and Logistics] Internet of Ships and
Air cargo & Traceability
 GS1, the world's 10
largest ports, and
global shipping
companies have
launched new
standards for port
logistics innovation.
(2016)
 Use GS1 format to
unify the Port Calls
and share event data
via GS1 EPCIS
Making air cargo easier,
smarter and faster
 GS1, IATA, and airlines
have launched a new
standard for
innovation in aviation
logistics systems
(2016)

Slide 61
[Smart Factory]
BMW, Bosch and Smart Factory
Bosch Smart Factory i4.0
• GS1 Smart Factory Based on RFID
• GS1 applied to smart factory construction by BMW
and BOSCH
• Provides various industrial services through GS1
ISO-IEC code to manage and inventory finished
products

Slide 62
• Oliot Open Source Project http://oliot.org
• Reference implementation of the latest GS1
Standards and IoT enhancements
• GS1 Source
• Pedigree
• Traceability & Recall
• ONS
• DS
• EPCIS
• F&C
• IoT connectivity Layer
Oliot Open Source Project (KAIST)

Slide 63
5 Continents, 102 countries, 1077 Cities
9944 Organizations/Companies/Individuals
Sep 2018

Slide 64
ISO/IEC Smart Cities
Emphasizes “Open Data”

Slide 65
Three Goals to Achieve in Our
Smart City Project

Slide 66
GS1 Company Prefix
for Identifying Smart City (Proposal)
880 + Seoul
880 + Sejong
880 + Busan
880 + Gwangju
880 + Daejeon
City Service (GTIN, Charging Service) Sharable Bike (GRAI)
Bus, Metro (GIAI) Bus Stop, Hospital, City Hall, etc.(SGLN)
Vehicles Registration/Inspection(GDTI)Bus Drivers, Police Officers (GSRN)

Slide 67
EU H2020 Wise-IoT Project
GS1 Smart City - Bus System and Smart Parking Pilot
• Busan is the 2nd largest city of Korea that is famous of seaport and tourist attractions
• Since the first operation in 1946, 2517 buses on 141 lines are operating currently
• Auto-ID Lab, KAIST is working on this project
• All objects of bus system are identified with GS1 identification key (GIAI, SGLN, GTIN)
• Parking information are from 9 Korean airports and 35 Busan parking areas are stored
and shared using EPCIS
Identification system
Open Data
Open Services Pilot Implementation
Architecture

Slide 69
GS1beacon (Application Platform)
• What is a Beacon service?
‐ A low-energy BLE device that emits a signal, broadcast ID to mobile devices, allowing for the creation of location-
specific services.
‐ Popular beacon specification & service provider: iBeacon (Apple), Eddyston (Google), Estimote, Gimbal.
• Limitation of conventional beacon service
• The beacon services depend on the service providers, so multiple applications of each service are required, and it
is difficult to provide a multiple services using one beacon.
Pilot Implementation
Architecture

Slide 70
GS1beacon
• GS1beacon : GS1 Standard-based Beacon Service Discovery System
• GS1 standard based techniques that enable beacon services without installing or running separate
applications required for each beacon standard and service provider.
• It is possible to provide multiple services from one beacon. In addition to the administrator, it is possible to
register / manage services in the authorized 3rd party.
• Proposed GS1 code based beacon specification
Architecture
Global Standard ID system
GS1 codes
Increasing beacon utilization
Object Name Service
GS1beacon
GS1beacon data
(GTIN:28800001000137)
0x1A3185D442C90x02 0x01 0x1a
AD
Len
AD
Type
LE General
Discoverable
0x14
AD Flags
(3 bytes)
0xFF 0xabcd 0x0001
AD
Len
Application
Identifier (GTIN)
Manufacturer specific data
(20 bytes)
0x1A3185D442C70x1F43
GS1Beacon structure 1
(8 bytes)
GS1Beacon structure 2
(8 bytes)
00...000x02 0x0A
AD
Len
0x00
AD Tx power
(3 bytes)
AD
Type
AD
Type
Tx power
0 dB
GS1 company
prefix (temperal)
Application
Identifier (GTIN)
Remains
(5 bytes)
GS1beacon data
(GTIN:28800001000135)

Slide 71
GS1beacon
Architecture
GS1beacon system provides
• GS1 code ID specification
Define GS1 code ID specification.
In Comparison with conventional ID, GS1
code ID is global unique ID system. In
addition, it provides multi-IDs over one
beacon.
• ONS based Service Discovery
By using GS1 Code and ONS, customer
obtains multiple service s records that
provides location, coupon, information, and
etc.

Slide 72

Slide 74
GS1 Video (Application Platform)
GS1 Video
• GS1 standard and MPEG-7 based open service
system for the video
• The GS1 video player provides information and
service list utilizing ONS during playback
• Users can touch the product on the video to get
corresponding information and shopping site of
the product
Touch Area
Product
Data/Link
Any Media. ex) Commercial, Movie, Drama, etc.
User Input
(Click, Touch..)
Service List
(Thing Info)

Slide 75

Slide 83
Anchoring Effect

Tutorial: Standardization Efforts for Smart Cities - GS1/ISO/IEC Standards At-a-Glance: Identify, Capture, Share, and Use

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Tutorial: Standardization Efforts for Smart Cities - GS1/ISO/IEC Standards At-a-Glance: Identify, Capture, Share, and Use