Hybridization التهجين
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An Eglish Arabic power point presentation about hybridization of carbon orbitals in organic compounds
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Hybridization التهجين
- 1. Bonding and orbital hybridization in carbon atom اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ واﻟﺘﮫﺠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ذرة اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن http://ganimchem.com/ 1
- 2. Electron configuration of Carbon Atom 2p 2 unpaired electrons ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﺮدﻳﻦ can form only two bonds to two hydrogen atoms with bond angle 900 ﺗﻜﻮن راﺑﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ذرﺗﻲ 2s 900 ھﯿﺪروﺟﯿﻦ واﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﮫﻤﺎ http://ganimchem.com/ 2
- 3. sp3 Hybridization sp3 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p An electron is excited from 2s to 2p orbital 2p 2 اﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﻚs ﻳﺜﺎر اﻟﻜﺘﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻓﻠﻚ 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 3
- 4. sp3 Hybridization sp3sp3 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ Hybridization sp3 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 4
- 5. sp3 Orbital Hybridization 2p The 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals mix together to form 4 sp3 ﻣﮫﺠﻨﺔsp 2 وﺗﻜﻮن ارﺑﻌﺔ اﻓﻼكp 2 ﻣﻊ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﻓﻼكs ﻳﻤﺘﺰج ﻓﻠﻚ sp3 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 5
- 6. sp3 Orbital Hybridization sp3 Orbital Hybridization 2p 2s 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals with tetrahedral geometry ﻣﮫﺠﻨﺔ ﻟﮫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ رﺑﺎﻋﻲsp3 ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ارﺑﻌﺔ اﻓﻼك اﻷوﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ 2 sp3 http://ganimchem.com/ 6
- 7. SP3 hybrid orbitals, tetrahedral shape اﻟﻤﮫﺠﻨﺔSP3 اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ ﻷﻓﻼك http://ganimchem.com/
- 8. Methane Structure ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺰيء اﻟﻤﯿﺜﺎن Tetrahedral رﺑﺎﻋﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ Bond angles = 109.5° زواﻳﺎ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ 109. http://ganimchem.com/
- 9. Structure of Ethane C2H6 ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺟﺰيء اﻹﻳﺜﺎن CH3CH3 Tetrahedral shape of the bonds at each carbon atom ﺷﻜﻞ رواﺑﻂ ذرة اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن رﺑﺎﻋﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ http://ganimchem.com/
- 10. sp2 Hybridization sp2 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ http://ganimchem.com/
- 11. Ethene molecule C2H4 ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺰيء اﻹﻳﺜﯿﻦ C2H4 H2C=CH2 Shape : Planar اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي bond angles: 120° اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ 120° http://ganimchem.com/
- 12. sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p An electron from the 2s is excited to 2p orbital 2 اﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﻚs ﻳﺜﺎر اﻟﻜﺘﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻓﻠﻚ 2s http://ganimchem.com/
- 13. sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/
- 14. sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals hybridize to form three sp2 2 وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺛﻼﺛﺔp 2 وﻓﻠﻜﯿﻦs ﻳﺤﺪث ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻠﻚ . ﻣﮫﺠﻨﺔsp2 اﻓﻼك 2s http://ganimchem.com/
- 15. sp22Orbital Hybridization sp2 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ sp Hybridization - 2s 2p 2 sp2 3 equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals and 1 unhybridized p orbital. .2 ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﮫﺠﻦp ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ وﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻠﻚsp2 ﺗﺘﻜﻮن 3 اﻓﻼك http://ganimchem.com/
- 16. sp22Orbital Hybridization sp2 ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ sp Hybridization - Two sp2 orbitals form s bonds with 2H atoms the third forms a s bond 2p to C atom. ﺗﻜﻮن راﺑﺘﻄﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮعsp2 ﻓﻠﻜﯿﻦ 2 sp2 ﺳﯿﺠﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ذرﺗﻲ ھﯿﺪروﺟﯿﻦ واﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻳﻀﺎ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺳﯿﺠﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ذرة ﻛﺮﺑﻮن http://ganimchem.com/
- 17. Ethene C2Hybridization ﺟﺰيء اﻹﯾﺜﯿﻦ sp2 Orbital H4 molecule http://ganimchem.com/
- 18. Ethene C2H4 molecule ﺟﺰيء اﻹﻳﺜﯿﻦ The unhybridized p p orbitals of the two carbon atoms form p bond with 2 sp2 each other . ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﮫﺠﻨﯿﻦp ﻓﻠﻜﻲ ﻟﺬرﺗﻲ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ راﺑﻄﺔ π ﺑﺎي http://ganimchem.com/
- 19. π Bond in ethene C2H4 ﻓﻲ اﻹﯾﺜﯿﻦπ راﺑﻄﺔ 2p 2 sp2 The unhybridized 2p orbital are perpendicular to plane of the s bonds the π 2 ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﮫﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔp اﻓﻼك http://ganimchem.com/
- 20. π Bond in ethene C2H4 ﻓﻲ اﻹﯾﺜﯿﻦπ راﺑﻄﺔ p Bonding in Ethylene p 2 sp2 side-by-side overlap p orbitals side-by- gives a p bond. اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻷﻓﻼك ﺗﻜﻮن راﺑﻄﺔ p ﺑﺎي http://ganimchem.com/
- 21. sp Hybridization Ethyne molecule C2H2 sp ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ ﺟﺰيء اﻹﻳﺜﺎﻳﻦ C2 H 2 http://ganimchem.com/
- 22. Ethyne C2H2 molecule ﺟﺰيء اﻹﻳﺜﺎﻳﻦ Structure of Acetylene C2H2 HC CH Shape: Linear bond angles: 180° 180° 1800 اﻟﺸﻜﻞ: ﺧﻄﻲ - واﻟﺰواﻳﺎﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ http://ganimchem.com/
- 23. Sp Hybridization - sp ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p An electron from the 2s is excited to 2p orbital 2 اﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﻚs ﻳﺜﺎر اﻟﻜﺘﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻓﻠﻚ 2s http://ganimchem.com/
- 24. SpOrbital Hybridization sp ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ sp Hybridization - 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/
- 25. Sp Hybridization - sp ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p 2s orbital and one 2p orbital mix together to form two sp hybrid orbitals 2 ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦp 2 ﻣﻊ ﻓﻠﻚ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻓﻼكs ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻓﻠﻚ ﻣﮫﺠﻨﯿﻦsp ﻓﻠﻜﯿﻦ 2s http://ganimchem.com/
- 26. Sp Hybridization - sp ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ One sp orbital forms a s bond 2p with a hydrogen atom and the other forms a s bond with a carbon atom . 2 sp2 راﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ذرةsp ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻠﻜﻲ ھﯿﺪروﺟﯿﻦ وراﺑﻄﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻣﻊ ذرة ﻛﺮﺑﻮن http://ganimchem.com/
- 27. Sp Hybridization - sp ﺗﮫﺠﯿﻦ 2p s s 2 sp2 s http://ganimchem.com/
- 28. π Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ﻓﻲ اﻹﯾﺜﺎﯾﻦπ راﺑﻄﺘﻲ The unhybridized p orbitals of 2p carbon form two p bonds between the 2 carbon atoms. ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﮫﺠﻨﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن راﺑﻄﺘﻲp ﻓﻠﻜﻲ 2 sp ﺑﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ ذرﺗﻲ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن http://ganimchem.com/
- 29. π Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ﻓﻲ اﻹﯾﺜﺎﯾﻦπ راﺑﻄﺘﻲ 2p 2 sp2 p orbital of each carbon atom forms π bond ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ذرة ﻛﺮﺑﻮن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﺎيp ﻓﻠﻚ http://ganimchem.com/
- 30. π Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ﻓﻲ اﻹﯾﺜﺎﯾﻦπ راﺑﻄﺘﻲ 2p 2 sp Another p bond is formed between carbon atoms راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﯿﻦ ذرﺗﻲ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻋﻤﻮدﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺧﺮى http://ganimchem.com/
- 31. π Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ﻓﻲ اﻹﯾﺜﺎﯾﻦπ راﺑﻄﺘﻲ 2p 2 sp2 http://ganimchem.com/
- 32. Ethyne shape ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺰيء اﻹﻳﺜﺎﻳﻦ http://ganimchem.com/
- 33. SP3 hybridization animation hybridization.mht http://ganimchem.com/
- 34. Hybridization animation http://ganimchem.com/