Three dimensional aids are used to provide students with a means of observing reality out of its natural setting

1. THREE DIMENSIONAL AIDS
Presented By:
Mr. Ganesh V. Naik
II Year MSc (N)
Dept. of Pediatrics

2. INTRODUCTION
 Three dimensional aids serve as good substitute for
the real objects.
 Three dimensional aids are used to provide
students with a means of observing reality out of its
natural setting

3. THREE DIMENSIONAL AIDS
1. Objects
2. Specimens
3. Models
4. Puppets
5. Moulage
6. Mock-ups
7. Dioramas

4. OBJECTS
Meaning
Objects are real things and their use for classroom
teaching imparts a direct learning experience to
students.

5. OBJECTS

6. CONT…
Advantages:
 They arouse students interest in learning
 As they being real and three dimensional things,
heightens the senses of reality in the classroom.
 They make classroom teaching lively
Disadvantages:
 Needs much time to prepare
 Getting real object is expensive
 Not applicable for all topics

7. SPECIMENS
Meaning:
Specimens are real objects taken from natural
setting. It is simple that shows quality or structure
eg. Section of lung

8. SPECIMENS

9. CONT…
Advantages:
 They arouse students interest in learning
 They involve all the five senses in the process of
learning.
 As they being real, and three dimensional things,
heightens reality in the classroom.
 They make classroom teaching lively.
Disadvantages
 Needs much time to prepare
 Getting real specimen is expensive

10. MODELS
Meaning
A model is recognizable representation of real thing
three dimensionally, i,.e. height , width and depth.
They are substitute for real things. Models are
concrete objects made up of clay, cotton,
cardboard, thermocoal, cloth, wood etc.

11. CONT…
Types of model :
1. Scale model eg. Dam or project
2. Simplified models eg. Animal, birds, fish
3. Cross sectional models eg. Cross section of
blood vessels, kidneys
4. Working model eg. Fetal circulation

12. SCALE MODEL

13. CROSS SECTIONAL MODELS

14. WORKING MODELS OF HEART

15. SIMPLIFIED MODEL

16. CONT…
Advantages:
 It simplifies reality and learning makes direct and
meaningful.
 Concretizes the abstract concepts
 Enable us to reduce or enlarge objects to
observable size.
 A working model explains the various processes of
objects and machines
Disadvantages
 Needs much time to prepare.
 Not applicable for all topics

17. PUPPETS
Introduction
One of the old and popular indian folk arts has been
puppetry. In writing or selecting a puppet play the
age, background and taste of the clients should be
taken into consideration. A short puppet play is
always preferable.

18. TYPES
1. Hand puppets- which fit in hand like gloves and
are operated from below by fingers
2. Shadow puppets- These are silihouttes of
cardboard which produce shadows on a white
screen.
3. Stick puppets – These are the painted cardboard
cut outs attached by sticks.
4. String puppets- Figures with movable limbs are
operated through strings.

19. HAND PUPPETS

20. SHADOW PUPPETS

21. STICK PUPPETS

22. STRING PUPPETS

23. CONT….
Advantages:
 It develops cooperation among children.
 It capture attention
 It develops communication skills
 Children develop their imagination
Disadvantages:
 It cannot used for larger groups
 Consumes time in preparation
 Costumes required

24. MOULAGE
Moulage can be made of plastic material to
stimulate some life objects eg. Body which shows
evidence of trauma, infection, disease and surgical
intervention

25. MOULAGE

26. MOCK-UPS
Devices which are imitations of real things without
involving similarity of appearance .
Eg. An artificial kidney to demonstrate dialysis

27. MOCK-UPS

28. DIORAMS
 It is 3 dimensional dimensional arrangement of
related objects, models to illustrate the central
theme or the concept
 The object and models are generally placed in a big
box or showcase with a glass which can be
artificially lighted
 The human and animal figures should modeled in
clay to provide solidity.
 Example: Stage diorama in religious festivals like
Ganapathy, Navarathri

29. DIORAMS

30. ACQUARIUM

31. THANK YOU