اساسيات منظومات الهيدروليك للطائرات الجزء الاول .pdf

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASICS
‫األنظمة‬ ‫اساسٌات‬
‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬
‫للطائرات‬
‫األنظمة‬
‫للطائرات‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬
‫االول‬ ‫الجزء‬
:
‫اساسٌات‬
Aircraft hydraulic systems
Part one: the basics

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫منظومة‬ ‫لدوائر‬ ‫امثلة‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
Hydraulic systems are among the important systems on the aircraft, which are a way to
operate some of the components of the aircraft, consisting of several parts, and their
size can be reduced and cannot be dispensed with. The evolution of hydraulic systems
Smaller aircraft have relatively low surface loads to control flight, and the pilot can
manually operate the flight controls. Hydraulic systems for brake systems were used in
early aircraft and as aircraft began to fly faster and increased in size. The pilot can no
longer manually move the control surfaces, and hydraulic power-assist systems have
been introduced. Power-assist systems assist the pilot in overcoming high control
forces, but the pilot still operates the flight controls by cable or stick push. Many
modern aircraft use a wire-by-wire flight control and power supply system and the
pilot's inputs are sent electronically to the flight controllers. No cables or thrust sticks
are used. Small power kits are the latest evolution of the hydraulic system. They
reduce weight by eliminating hydraulic lines and large amounts of hydraulic fluid.
Some manufacturers downgrade the hydraulic systems in their aircraft in favor of
electrically controlled systems.

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬ ‫األنظمة‬
‫بعض‬ ‫لتشغٌل‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫تكون‬ ً‫والت‬ ،‫الطائرة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المهمة‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫من‬
‫عنها‬ ‫االستغناء‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫وال‬ ‫حجمها‬ ‫تقلٌل‬ ‫وٌمكن‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتكون‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫مكونات‬
.
‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫تطور‬
ً‫ف‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫ًا‬ٌ‫نسب‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫سطحٌة‬ ‫أحمال‬ ‫لها‬ ‫األصغر‬ ‫الطائرات‬
‫الطٌران‬
‫أدوات‬ ‫تشغٌل‬ ‫للطٌار‬ ‫وٌمكن‬ ،
‫المبكرة‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الفرامل‬ ‫ألنظمة‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫تم‬ ‫ًا‬ٌ‫ٌدو‬ ‫الطٌران‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التحكم‬
‫حجمها‬ ‫وازداد‬ ‫أسرع‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫التحلٌق‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫وعندما‬
.
‫ٌعد‬ ‫لم‬
‫الطٌار‬
‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫تعزٌز‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫إدخال‬ ‫وتم‬ ،‫ًا‬ٌ‫ٌدو‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫أسطح‬ ‫تحرٌك‬ ‫على‬ ‫ا‬ً‫قادر‬
‫ٌشغل‬ ‫ٌزال‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الطٌار‬ ‫لكن‬ ،‫العالٌة‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫قوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫التغلب‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الطٌار‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫تعزٌز‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫تساعد‬
‫العصا‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الكابل‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الطٌران‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫أدوات‬
.
‫من‬ ‫العدٌد‬ ‫تستخدم‬
‫الطائرات‬
‫إرسال‬ ‫وٌتم‬ ‫األسالك‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫الطٌران‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫والتحكم‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫إمداد‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫الحدٌثة‬
‫الدفع‬ ‫عصا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الكابالت‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الطٌران‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫أجهزة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ًا‬ٌ‫إلكترون‬ ‫الطٌار‬ ‫مدخالت‬
.
‫أما‬
‫مجموعات‬
‫الطاقة‬
‫الصغٌرة‬
ً‫ه‬
‫أحدث‬
‫تطور‬
‫للنظام‬
ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬
‫إنها‬
‫تقلل‬
‫الوزن‬
‫عن‬
‫طرٌق‬
‫التخلص‬
‫من‬
‫الخطوط‬
‫والكمٌات‬
‫الكبٌرة‬
‫من‬
‫السوائل‬
،
‫وتقوم‬
‫بعض‬
‫الشركات‬
‫المصنعة‬
‫بتقلٌل‬
ً‫ف‬
‫طائراتها‬
‫لصالح‬
ً‫الت‬
‫ٌتم‬
‫التحكم‬
‫فٌها‬
‫ًا‬ٌ‫كهربائ‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
A basic hydraulic system consists of a reservoir, pump (either hand, electric, or engine-driven),
a filter to keep the fluid clean, a selector valve to control the direction of flow, a relief valve to
relieve excess pressure, and an actuator.
The hydraulic fluid is pumped through the system to an actuator or servo. A servo is a cylinder
with a piston inside that turns fluid power into work and creates the power needed to move
an aircraft system or flight control. Servos can be either single-acting or double-acting, based
on the needs of the system. This means that the fluid can be applied to one or both sides of
the servo, depending on the servo type. A single-acting servo provides power in one direction.
The selector valve allows the fluid direction to be controlled. This is necessary for operations
such as the extension and retraction of landing gear during which the fluid must work in two
different directions. The relief valve provides an outlet for the system in the event of excessive
fluid pressure in the system. Each system incorporates different components to meet the
individual needs of different aircraft.
A mineral-based hydraulic fluid is the most widely used type for small aircraft. This type of
hydraulic fluid, a kerosene-like petroleum product, has good lubricating properties, as well as
additives to inhibit foaming and prevent the formation of corrosion. It is chemically stable, has
very little viscosity change with temperature, and is dyed for identification. Since several types
of hydraulic fluids are commonly used, an aircraft must be serviced with the type specified by
the manufacturer

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫ومضخة‬ ، ‫خزان‬ ‫من‬ ً‫األساس‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫ٌتكون‬
(
‫بالمحرك‬ ‫مدفوعة‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫كهربائٌة‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫ٌدوٌة‬ ‫إما‬
)
،
‫الضغط‬ ‫لتخفٌف‬ ‫تنفٌس‬ ‫وصمام‬ ، ‫التدفق‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫محدد‬ ‫وصمام‬ ، ‫السائل‬ ‫نظافة‬ ‫على‬ ‫للحفاظ‬ ‫ومرشح‬
‫مشغل‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫الزائد‬
)
‫السلندر‬
)
.
‫أو‬ ‫مشغل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫عبر‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ضخ‬ ‫ٌتم‬
)
)
.
.
)
)
.
‫لتحرٌك‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫وٌخلق‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السوائل‬ ‫طاقة‬ ‫ٌحول‬ ‫بداخلها‬ ‫مكبس‬ ‫بها‬ ‫أسطوانة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬
‫الطٌران‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫نظام‬
.
‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
)
)
.
‫على‬ ً‫ء‬‫بنا‬ ، ‫الفعل‬ ‫مزدوجة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫أحادٌة‬ ‫إما‬
‫النظام‬ ‫احتٌاجات‬
.
ً‫جانب‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫على‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫أنه‬ ً‫ٌعن‬ ‫هذا‬
)
)
.
‫نوع‬ ‫على‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫اعتما‬ ، ‫كالهما‬ ‫أو‬
)
)
‫توفر‬
)
)
‫واحد‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫أحادٌة‬
.
‫السائل‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بالتحكم‬ ‫المحدد‬ ‫الصمام‬ ‫ٌسمح‬
.
‫الهبوط‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫وسحب‬ ‫تمدٌد‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫لعملٌات‬ ‫ًا‬ٌ‫ضرور‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ٌعد‬
‫مختلفٌن‬ ‫اتجاهٌن‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫خاللها‬ ‫ٌعمل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ً‫الت‬
.
‫ضغط‬ ‫حالة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫للنظام‬ ‫ا‬ً‫منفذ‬ ‫التنفٌس‬ ‫صمام‬ ‫ٌوفر‬
‫النظام‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الزائد‬ ‫السوائل‬
.
‫المختلفة‬ ‫للطائرات‬ ‫الفردٌة‬ ‫االحتٌاجات‬ ‫لتلبٌة‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫مكونات‬ ‫على‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ٌشتمل‬
.
‫الصغٌرة‬ ‫للطائرات‬ ‫ًا‬‫م‬‫استخدا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هو‬ ً‫معدن‬ ‫سائل‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬
.
‫السوائل‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ٌتمٌز‬
‫لمنع‬ ‫إضافات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ، ‫جٌدة‬ ‫تشحٌم‬ ‫بخصائص‬ ، ‫الكٌروسٌن‬ ‫ٌشبه‬ ً‫بترول‬ ‫منتج‬ ‫وهو‬ ، ‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬
‫التآكل‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ومنع‬ ‫الرغوة‬ ‫تكون‬
.
، ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫اللزوجة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫قلٌل‬ ‫تغٌر‬ ‫وله‬ ، ‫ًا‬ٌ‫كٌمٌائ‬ ‫مستقر‬ ‫إنه‬
‫الهوٌة‬ ‫لتحدٌد‬ ‫ومصبوغ‬
.
‫صٌانة‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ، ‫شائع‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌكٌة‬ ‫السوائل‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫من‬ ‫العدٌد‬ ‫الستخدام‬ ‫ا‬ً‫نظر‬
‫المصنعة‬ ‫الشركة‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المحدد‬ ‫بالنوع‬ ‫الطائرة‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
what is a hydraulic system this is a system which uses pressurized
hydraulic fluid for the movement of different components of an
aircraft these components could include flight controls landing your
extension and retraction and the brakes
‫لتحزيك‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫هضغى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫هيذروليك‬ ‫ا‬
‫سائًل‬ ‫يستخذم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الٌظام‬ ‫هى‬ ‫هذا‬ ، ‫الهيذروليكي‬ ‫الٌظام‬ ‫هى‬ ‫ها‬
‫التي‬ ‫الطيزاى‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكن‬ ‫أدواث‬ ‫الوكىًاث‬ ٍ‫هذ‬ ‫تشول‬ ‫أى‬ ‫يوكي‬ ، ‫للطائزة‬ ‫الوختلفت‬ ‫الوكىًاث‬
‫والفزاهل‬ ‫والتزاجع‬ ‫باالهتذاد‬ ‫تهبظ‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
Pascals Law
the principle of the hydraulic system the working of this system is based
on Pascal's law
to understand this law let's consider a closed container which is filled
with the hydraulic fluid according to Pascal's law if a pressure is acting on
this fluid it will be transmitted equally in all directions and it will act
perpendicular to the container surface
‫باسكال‬ ‫قانون‬
‫باسكال‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫على‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫ٌعتمد‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫مبدأ‬
‫لقانون‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫وف‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫بالسائل‬ ‫مملوءة‬ ‫مغلقة‬ ‫حاوٌة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫نفكر‬ ‫دعنا‬ ، ‫القانون‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫لفهم‬
‫االتجاهات‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بالتساوي‬ ‫نقله‬ ‫فسٌتم‬ ، ‫السائل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫على‬ ‫ٌؤثر‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ، ‫باسكال‬
‫الحاوٌة‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫على‬ ‫عمودي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫وسٌعمل‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫باسكال‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫الخزان‬
‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫زٌت‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الضغط‬
‫العمودى‬ ‫االتجاه‬
‫السطح‬ ‫على‬ ‫عمودى‬ ‫االتجاهات‬ ‫كل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ٌؤثر‬ ‫و‬ ‫متساوى‬ ‫الضغط‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
application of Pascal's law
consider a force acting on the fluid at this section let this force be
thousand pounds the cross-sectional area at this section is one square
inch pressure is defined as force by area so we get the pressure at this
section as 1000 pounds / square inch or 1000 psi now let us consider
another section here having the same cross-sectional area of 1 square
inch the pressure would be the same 1000 psi
hence the force we get in this section would be 1000 pounds
‫باسكال‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫تطبٌق‬
، ‫رطل‬ ‫ألف‬ ‫تساوي‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫دع‬ ، ‫القسم‬ ‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫على‬ ‫المؤثرة‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫اعتبارك‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ضع‬
‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ً‫العرض‬ ‫المقطع‬ ‫مساحة‬
ً‫ه‬ ‫الفتحة‬
‫قوة‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعرٌفها‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫مربعة‬ ‫بوصة‬ ‫ضغط‬
‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫القسم‬ ‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫على‬ ‫نحصل‬ ‫لذلك‬ ، ‫المنطقة‬ ‫حسب‬
1000
‫رطل‬
/
‫أو‬ ‫مربعة‬ ‫بوصة‬
1000
‫المقطع‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫به‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫قسم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫نفكر‬ ‫دعونا‬ ‫اآلن‬ ‫مربعة‬ ‫بوصة‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫رطل‬
‫البالغة‬ ً‫العرض‬
1
‫نفس‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫سٌكون‬ ، ‫مربعة‬ ‫بوصة‬
1000
‫مربعة‬ ‫بوصة‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫رطل‬
‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫علٌها‬ ‫نحصل‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫ومن‬
‫ستكون‬ ‫الفتحة‬
1000
‫رطل‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
increase the area in this section to 2 square inches the pressure is again
1000 psi
but calculate the force we get 2000 pounds so for the same pressure just
by increasing the area we are able to increase the force in this part of the
container this is called as the effort end where the pressure needs to be
created this is called as the load end which can be connected to different
components that need to be moved by changing the area at the load end
the force is modified depending on the requirement
‫إلى‬ ‫القسم‬ ‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المساحة‬ ‫زٌادة‬
2
‫أخرى‬ ‫مرة‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫مربعة‬ ‫بوصة‬
1000
‫رطل‬
‫علٌها‬ ‫نحصل‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫احسب‬ ‫لكن‬
2000
‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫لنفس‬ ‫لذلك‬ ، ‫رطل‬
‫الجهد‬ ‫بنهاٌة‬ ‫ٌسمى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وهذا‬ ، ‫الحاوٌة‬ ‫من‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫زٌادة‬ ‫ٌمكننا‬ ، ‫المساحة‬ ‫زٌادة‬
‫بمكونات‬ ‫توصٌلها‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫نهاٌة‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫ٌسمى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وهذا‬ ، ‫الضغط‬ ‫إنشاء‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫حٌث‬
‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫وف‬ ‫القوة‬ ‫تعدٌل‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ، ‫الحمل‬ ‫نهاٌة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫تغٌٌر‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫نقلها‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫مختلفة‬
‫للمتطلبات‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
principle airplanes hydraulic system main components system
Components of a Hydraulic System
A- hydraulic system reservoir
B- the pumps
C-filters
D-the check valve
E-shutoff valve
F-selector valves
G-the actuator
H- accumulator
ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫مكونات‬
‫النظام‬ ‫تشكل‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫للطائرات‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫للنظام‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫المكونات‬
-‫أ‬
‫خزان‬
‫النظام‬
ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬
-‫ب‬
‫المضخة‬
-‫ت‬
‫الفالتر‬
-‫ث‬
‫رجوع‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫صمام‬
-‫ج‬
‫القاطع‬ ‫الصمام‬
-‫ح‬
‫االتجاه‬ ‫تحدٌد‬ ‫صمام‬
-‫خ‬
‫المشغل‬
(
)
-‫د‬
‫المجمع‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
A- the reservoir
The supply line which supplies the required fluid
the return line in which the fluid comes back to the reservoir
the reservoir may be pressurized so that a positive flow is maintained on
the supply line ,the pressurization can be done by taking lead air from the
engine or the APU ( auxiliary power unit )
‫أ‬
-
ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫خزان‬
‫المطلوب‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌمد‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫اإلمداد‬ ‫خط‬
‫الخزان‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌعود‬ ‫فٌه‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العودة‬ ‫خط‬
‫اإلمداد‬ ‫خط‬ ‫على‬ ً‫إٌجاب‬ ‫تدفق‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫بحٌث‬ ‫الخزان‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫قد‬
‫أخذ‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
‫من‬ ‫عالى‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫هواء‬ ‫خط‬
‫أو‬ ‫المحرك‬
APU (
‫وحدة‬
‫الطاقة‬
‫المساعدة‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫خزان‬
‫السائل‬ ‫ٌمد‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫اإلمداد‬ ‫خط‬
‫المطلوب‬
‫إلى‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌعود‬ ‫فٌه‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العودة‬ ‫خط‬
‫الخزان‬
‫الضغط‬ ‫خط‬
‫المكونات‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫من‬ ‫الضغط‬
‫للطائرات‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫منظومة‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫خزان‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
B- the pumps are used to pressurize the hydraulic fluid the pump could be
driven by the engine or could be an electrically operated pump ,,,a hand
pump may be provided in case engines and the electrical supply is not
available during normal operation of the pump it must be able to deliver
fluid at constant pressure
‫ب‬
-
‫المضخات‬
‫أو‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫المضخة‬ ‫تشغٌل‬ ‫وٌمكن‬ ، ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫لضغط‬ ‫المضخات‬ ‫تستخدم‬
‫توفر‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫حالة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ٌدوٌة‬ ‫مضخة‬ ‫توفٌر‬ ‫وٌمكن‬ ،،، ‫بالكهرباء‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫مضخة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
‫للمضخة‬ ‫العادي‬ ‫التشغٌل‬ ‫أثناء‬ ً‫الكهربائ‬ ‫المحرك‬
.
‫السوائل‬ ‫توصٌل‬ ‫على‬ ‫قادرة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌجب‬
‫ثابت‬ ‫بضغط‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫طلمبة‬
‫المضغوط‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫زٌت‬
‫الطائرة‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المشغلة‬ ‫الطلمبة‬
‫كهرباء‬ ‫طلمبة‬
‫ٌدوٌة‬ ‫طلمبة‬
‫المكونات‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫طلمبة‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
C-filters
are used to remove any particles or impurities from the fluid this is
important because it prevents damage to the hydraulic system they can
be installed only supply line the return line and also before critical
components as the fluid enters and leaves the filter the impurities in the
fluid get collected in the filter
‫النظام‬ ‫تلف‬ ‫ٌمنع‬ ‫ألنه‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫أمر‬ ‫وهذا‬ ، ‫السائل‬ ‫من‬ ‫شوائب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫جزٌئات‬ ‫أي‬ ‫إلزالة‬ ‫المرشحات‬ ‫ستخدم‬ُ‫ت‬
‫الحرجة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ًا‬‫ض‬ٌ‫وأ‬ ‫اإلرجاع‬ ‫بخط‬ ‫اإلمداد‬ ‫خط‬ ‫على‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫تركٌبها‬ ‫وٌمكن‬ ، ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬
‫المرشح‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫فٌه‬ ‫الشوائب‬ ‫الفلتر‬ ‫وٌترك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌدخل‬ ‫حٌث‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫شوائب‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ازالة‬
‫االنهٌار‬ ‫من‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫منظومة‬ ‫حماٌة‬
‫الرجوع‬ ‫خط‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرئٌسى‬ ‫الخط‬ ‫فى‬ ‫تجمٌعه‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫الهامة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫و‬
‫المكونات‬
‫الزٌت‬ ‫خروج‬
‫الزٌت‬ ‫دخول‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
the valves
are used to control and regulate the flow of the fluid there are different
types of valves that are used for different functions
ً‫الت‬ ‫الصمامات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫وهناك‬ ، ‫وتنظٌمه‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫تدفق‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫الصمامات‬ ‫تستخدم‬
‫مختلفة‬ ‫لوظائف‬ ‫تستخدم‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
D-the check valve
allows the fluid to flow in one direction only if the fluid enters from
this side it is allowed to flow to the other side but if the fluid enters
from this side the check valve closes and the fluid cannot flow to
the other side next
‫ٌسمح‬
‫هذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بالتدفق‬ ‫للسائل‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫صمام‬
‫هذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ولكن‬ ، ‫اآلخر‬ ‫الجانب‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫بالتدفق‬ ‫له‬ ‫ُسمح‬ٌ‫ف‬ ، ‫الجانب‬
ً‫التال‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫الجانب‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌتدفق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫وال‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫صمام‬ ‫ُغلق‬ٌ ، ‫الجانب‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫فقط‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بالتدفق‬ ‫للسائل‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫صمام‬ ‫ٌسمح‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
E -shutoff valve
cuts off the hydraulic fluid from the system during emergencies such as
leak or a pump fault when this valve closes it prevents the fluid from
entering or exiting the valves
‫أو‬ ‫التسرب‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الطوارئ‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫عن‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫بقطع‬ ‫اإلغالق‬ ‫صمام‬ ‫ٌقوم‬
‫الخروج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الصمامات‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫من‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌمنع‬ ‫فإنه‬ ، ‫الصمام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫غلق‬ ‫عند‬ ‫المضخة‬ ‫عطل‬
‫منها‬
‫اإلغالق‬ ‫صمام‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫اإلغالق‬ ‫صمام‬
‫الطوارئ‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫عن‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫بقطع‬ ‫اإلغالق‬ ‫صمام‬ ‫ٌقوم‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
pressure reducing valves this valve is used to reduce the pressure of the hydraulic
fluid in a particular line if the fluid enters in one line the fluid will have the same
pressure but in other line the pressure will be less
ً‫ف‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫معٌن‬ ‫خط‬ ً‫ف‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫لتقلٌل‬ ‫الصمام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫تخفٌض‬ ‫صمامات‬
‫واحد‬ ‫خط‬
‫أقل‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫سٌكون‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫خط‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫للسائل‬ ‫فسٌكون‬ ،

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫الضغط‬ ‫تخفٌض‬ ‫صمامات‬
‫معٌن‬ ‫خط‬ ً‫ف‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫لتقلٌل‬ ‫الصمام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
F-selector valves
this valve changes the direction of the pressurized fluid this is done by
rotation of the valve depending on which side the pressurized fluid is
required
‫التحدٌد‬ ‫صمامات‬
‫ٌغٌر‬ ‫االتجاه‬
‫تدوٌر‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫وٌتم‬ ‫المضغوط‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ‫الصمام‬ ‫هذا‬
‫المضغوط‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫المطلوب‬ ‫الجانب‬ ‫على‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫اعتما‬ ‫الصمام‬
‫التحدٌد‬ ‫صمامات‬
‫االتجاه‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫صمامات‬
‫تحدٌد‬
‫االتجاه‬
‫اتجاه‬ ‫الصمام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ٌغٌر‬
‫المضغوط‬ ‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫زٌت‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
G-the actuator
this is used to convert hydraulic pressure into mechanical action if the
fluid enters the piston in the actuator moves in this direction and the
fluid from the other side is sent back to the reservoir
similarly if the fluid enters from this side the piston moves in this
direction and the fluid from the other side is returned to the reservoir
this actuator can be connected to the primary or the secondary flight
controls the landing gear brakes and the nose wheel steering
‫المشغل‬
(
)
‫الذي‬
‫المكبس‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫إذا‬ ً‫مٌكانٌك‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫إلى‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫لتحوٌل‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬
‫الخزان‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫الجانب‬ ‫من‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫وٌرجع‬ ‫االتجاه‬ ‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ٌتحرك‬ ‫المشغل‬ ً‫ف‬
‫اآلخر‬ ‫الجانب‬ ‫من‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫وٌعود‬ ‫االتجاه‬ ‫هذا‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المكبس‬ ‫ٌتحرك‬ ، ‫الجانب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫إذا‬ ، ‫وبالمثل‬
‫الخزان‬ ‫إلى‬
‫المشغل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫توصٌل‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
‫األولٌة‬ ‫باالنظمة‬
‫عجلة‬ ‫وتوجٌه‬ ‫الهبوط‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫فرامل‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تتحكم‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫الثانوٌة‬ ‫أو‬
‫المقدمة‬
‫المشغل‬
(
)

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫المشغل‬
(
)
ً‫مٌكانٌك‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫إلى‬ ً‫الهٌدرولٌك‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫لتحوٌل‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬
‫للتحكم‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬
‫المقدمة‬ ‫عجلة‬ ‫وتوجٌه‬ ‫الهبوط‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫فرامل‬ ً‫ف‬
‫و‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫اسطح‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫و‬
....

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫المشغل‬ ‫حركة‬
(
)
(
)

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫المشغل‬
(
)

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
(
)

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
H-the accumulator
the accumulator holds pressurized hydraulic fluid , the fluid and the air
inside the accumulator are separated by a diaphragm the accumulator is
used to provide fluid at constant pressure to the actuators whenever
there is high demand and sufficient pressure is not available it is also the
last pressure source during emergencies such as failure of the pump
‫المركب‬ ‫ٌحتفظ‬
(
‫المجمع‬
)
‫المجمع‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫والهواء‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫فصل‬ ‫وٌتم‬ ، ‫مضغوط‬ ً‫هٌدرولٌك‬ ‫بسائل‬
‫ٌكون‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫للمشغالت‬ ‫ثابت‬ ‫بضغط‬ ‫السوائل‬ ‫لتوفٌر‬ ‫المركب‬ ‫وٌستخدم‬ ، ‫الحاجز‬ ‫الحجاب‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬
‫الطوارئ‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫المصدر‬ ‫األخٌر‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬ٌ‫أ‬ ‫وهو‬ ، ٍ‫ف‬‫كا‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫ٌتوفر‬ ‫وال‬ ‫مرتفع‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫هناك‬
‫المضخة‬ ‫فشل‬ ‫مثل‬
‫المجمع‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫المجمع‬
‫هواء‬
‫هٌدرولٌك‬ ‫زٌت‬
‫المركب‬ ‫ٌحتفظ‬
(
‫المجمع‬
)
‫مضغوط‬ ً‫هٌدرولٌك‬ ‫بسائل‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫المجمع‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
all these components form a basic hydraulic system that is used in an airplane to complete
the system it must have a return line which has a separate filter to prevent any impurities
from entering the reservoir the advantages of this system are that it can be used to operate
different components it is easy to install and it provides food that steady movement of the
components operated by it the fluid that is used should have a high boiling point a low
freezing point and must be free-flowing at all operational conditions
‫أن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ، ‫النظام‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫طائرة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ًا‬ٌ‫أساس‬ ‫ًا‬ٌ‫هٌدرولٌك‬ ‫ًا‬‫م‬‫نظا‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫تشكل‬
‫النظام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫مزاٌا‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫الخزان‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫من‬ ‫شوائب‬ ‫أي‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫منفصل‬ ‫مرشح‬ ‫على‬ ‫ٌحتوي‬ ‫إرجاع‬ ‫خط‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ٌكون‬
‫للمكونات‬ ‫بثبات‬ ‫ٌتحرك‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫وتوفر‬ ‫التركٌب‬ ‫سهلة‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫أنه‬
‫المستخدم‬ ‫السائل‬ ‫ٌحتوي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫تشغلها‬ ً‫الت‬
‫التشغٌل‬ ‫ظروف‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بحرٌة‬ ‫تتدفق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وٌجب‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫تجمد‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫عالٌة‬ ‫غلٌان‬ ‫نقطة‬

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫خط‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ٌكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ، ‫النظام‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫طائرة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ا‬ًٌ‫أساس‬ ‫ا‬ًٌ‫هٌدرولٌك‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫نظا‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫تشكل‬
‫للعمل‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫مزاٌا‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫الخزان‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫من‬ ‫شوائب‬ ‫أي‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫منفصل‬ ‫مرشح‬ ‫على‬ ‫ٌحتوي‬ ‫إرجاع‬
‫السائل‬ ‫ٌحتوي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫تشغلها‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫للمكونات‬ ‫بثبات‬ ‫ٌتحرك‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫وتوفر‬ ‫التركٌب‬ ‫سهلة‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫المكونات‬
‫المستخدم‬
‫التشغٌل‬ ‫ظروف‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بحرٌة‬ ‫تتدفق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وٌجب‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫تجمد‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫عالٌة‬ ‫غلٌان‬ ‫نقطة‬
all these components form a basic hydraulic system that is used in an
airplane to complete the system it must have a return line which has a
separate filter to prevent any impurities from entering the reservoir the
advantages of this system are that it can be used to operate different
components it is easy to install and it provides food that steady
movement of the components operated by it the fluid that is used
should have a high boiling point a low freezing point and must be free-
flowing at all operational conditions

June 2023
FINAL ASSEMBLY
‫شكرا‬

اساسيات منظومات الهيدروليك للطائرات الجزء الاول .pdf

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اساسيات منظومات الهيدروليك للطائرات الجزء الاول .pdf