The document discusses three major industries - iron and steel, textiles, and information technology.
The iron and steel industry is a basic industry that uses iron ore, coal, and limestone as raw materials. These are smelted together in a blast furnace to produce pig iron, from which impurities are removed to produce pure iron and steel. Major producers include the US, UK, Russia, Japan, China, India, and Brazil.
The textile industry satisfies the basic need for clothing. It uses natural fibers like cotton, jute, flax, wool and silk as well as synthetic fibers. Major cotton producing countries include India, Pakistan, the US and China. The wool industry is prominent in
3. INTRODUCTION:-
A wide variety of industries have developed all
over the world. They include textiles, food
processing, beverages, metallurgical, engineering,
transport equipment, chemicals, cement, etc, but
three major industries are iron & steel, textiles, and
I.T.
4. Ironandsteelindustry
This is a basic industry. Iron and steel are used in the manufacturing of
machines, tools and various equipments used by other industries. In
fact, production of iron and steel is an index of the industrial growth of
a nation.
5. The raw materials used in the iron and steel
industry are iron ore, coal, limestone and
manganese.
The iron ore is mixed with coal and limestone and
smelted together in a blast furnace. The molten
iron is run into moulds and is called pig iron.
After it solidifies it is hard and strong but very
brittle as it contains impurities. The impurities
are removed and pure iron is obtained. Some
carbon is mixed with pure iron to make steel.
Steel is very flexible and can be made into any
shape like sheets, wires, rods, etc.
6. Iron ore is mixed
with limestone
Smelted
together in
a blast
furnace
Run into
moulds
(pig iron)
Impurities are
removed
Pure iron is
obtained
Carbon is
mixed
with
pure iron
Steel is obtained.
Process
Of Iron &
Steel
Productio
n
7. Iron and steel industry is raw material
oriented and has largely developed in those
regions where iron ore and coal are
available in the same vicinity.
Some major iron and steel producing
countries are the USA, the UK, Russia,
Japan, China, India, Australia, Brazil, etc.
8. Textile industry
This is a very important as it satisfies one of the basic needs of humans,
namely clothing. It employs a large number of people all over the world.
Textile have been made since ancient times using plant products like
cotton, jute, and flax and animal products like wool and silk. These are the
natural fibres. Synthetic fibres like rayon, nylon, acrylic and polyester have
now been introduced and have increasingly popular.
10. Cotton textile:-
Cotton textiles are believed to have
originated in the Indus Valley
Civilisation.
Earlier, cotton used to be spun and
woven by hand using spinning
wheels and looms.
The industrial revolution brought
about a dramatic change in the
textile industry.
Power looms started being used,
first in Great Britain, and then
spread to other parts of the world.
Today, there are three types of mills
– spinning mills, which produce
yarn, weaving mills, which produce
cloth and composite mills, which
produce both yarn and cloth.
In India, the cotton textile industry
is mainly located in the cotton
producing states of Gujarat,
Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
Mumbai and Ahmedabad are the two
most important centres. Kanpur,
Kolkata, Nagpur, Sholapur, Indore,
Coimbatore and Delhi are the other
centres of this industry.
11. Woollenindustry:-
The woollen industry is
important in Russia, the USA,
the UK, Australia, New
Zealand, Argentina, South
Africa, France, Germany,
Japan and India.
In India, this industry is
concentrated in Punjab,
Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and
Gujarat.
Dhariwal, Ludhiana,
Panipat, Kanpur, Jaipur,
Mumbai and Ahmedabad are
important centre.
India imports good quality
raw wool from Australia.
12. TheJuteIndustry:-
The Jute Industry produces
useful goods like ropes, mats,
bags, packing materials, jute
cloth, etc.
India and Bangladesh have
monopolised the production of
both raw jute as well as jute
goods.
In India this industry is
concentrated in the Hugli
River in West Bengal which,
apart from being the main
growing area, has the benefit
of cheap water transport.
Jute industry faces tough
competition from synthetic
fibres.
13. SilkTextile:-
Silk textiles originated in China.
Silk has also been produced in
Japan, Korea and India since
ancient times.
Rearing of silk worms and
producing of silk thread from the
cocoons are household industries.
The textile is mostly woven on
handlooms.
Japan is leading producer of silk
in the world.
In India, most of the production
comes from Karnataka, West
Bengal, and Jammu and Kashmir.
The main silk producing centres are
Bengaluru, Mysore, Murshidabad,
Bankura, and Srinagar.
14. SyntheticTextiles:-
Synthetic Textiles like
rayon, nylon acrylic,
and polyester, etc are
a recent introduction.
They have become
very popular because
they are cheaper,
easier to maintain and
more durable than the
natural textiles. The
USA, Japan, Germany,
Russia, and India are
the major producers
of synthetic textiles.
15.
16. InformationTechnologyIndustry
The technology of storing, processing, and
distributing information is called
information technology. The use of satellites
with computers, have helped in the
development of information technology and
have revolutionised our communication
system.
Today, the IT industry is making rapid
progress across the globe and we have access
to any type of information at the click of a
‘mouse’.
17. Historyof InformationTechnology
The PC Revolution started when in 1976 the first
Personal Computer, Apple I, was released and the
very next year, Apple II was introduced.
Hewlett Packard launched its first PC in 1980.
In 1982 International Business Machines(IBM)
launched a personal computer which had a disk
operating system DOS developed by Microsoft.
In the seventies, attention was paid to the memory
of the silicon chips.
In 1973 Intel introduced the standard CPU . They
formed the basis of a computer’s operation.
Microprocessors gradually improved and a host of
computer peripherals like modem, printers, disk
drives, etc flooded the market.
18. The Internet has changed the world of
information technology. Silicon Valley has
emerged triumphant from this recent revolution
and is the IT centre of the world. Now there are
about 4,000 IT related companies located in this
region, generating about $200 billion revenue
annually. Some giants are Intel, Sun, Apple
Computers, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Cisco and
Netscape.
