Example of a CRM presentation.

1. 1

2. ¿WHY
CRM?
It
is
a
JAA
requirement
(Subpart
N).
Error
is
present
in
both
our
decisions
and
lives.
It
is
an
accepted
tool
to
optimize
the
defenses
against
human
error.
It
look
for
excellence
in
aviation,
but
CRM
needs
that
people
question
their
previous
thoughts.
2

3. Everglades,
Florida
(L-­‐1011).
 All
crew
members
try
to
solve
a
problem
with
the
landing
gear
lights.
 While
the
crew
is
focus
on
this
problem,
the
AP
disengages,
starting
a
soft
descend
ending
up
in
a
crash.
29
–
Dec-­‐1972
3

4. Portland,
Oregon
(DC-­‐8)
 They
run
out
of
fuel
while
they
try
to
solve
a
problem
with
the
landing
gear.
 The
F/O
and
the
F/E
showed
their
worries
about
the
quantity
of
remaining
fuel.
28-­‐Dec-­‐1978
4

5. 5

6. Los
rodeos,
Tenerife
22-­‐Mar-­‐1977
 Dos
Boeing
747
crashed
on
the
runway,
killing
583
people.
 The
“Error
chain”
6

7. CRM
AIMS
Raise
the
level
of
safety
in
daily
operations
Integration
of
crew
members
Efficiency
in
operations.
Learn
from
past
errors
7

8. How
CRM
concept
was
born?
Crew
(or
Cockpit)
Resource
Management
(CRM)
training
originated
from
a
NASA
workshop
in
1979
that
focused
on
improving
air
safety.
The
NASA
research
presented
at
this
meeting
found
that
the
primary
cause
of
the
majority
of
aviation
accidents
was
human
error,
and
that
the
main
problems
were
failures
of
interpersonal
communication,
leadership,
and
decision
making
in
the
cockpit.
A
variety
of
CRM
models
have
been
successfully
adapted
to
different
types
of
industries
and
organizations,
all
based
on
the
same
basic
concepts
and
principles
8

9. ¿What
is
CRM?
CRM
is
an
operational
philosophy
looking
for
the
effective
use
of
all
available
resources:
h u m a n
r e s o u r c e s ,
h a r d w a r e ,
a n d
information.
(FAA
Advisory
Circular
1992)
9Felipe
Sánchez
for
flightline
BCN

10. What
is
not
CRM?
A
system
you
can
install
in
one
day
A
training
program
for
“bad
pilots”
A
Magical
tool
that
is
going
to
salve
us
from
accidents
A
psychotherapy
An
impossible
philosophy
10Felipe
Sánchez
for
flightline
BCN

11. Elements
of
CRM
Communication
Leadership
and
authority
Situational
awareness
Decision
making
Stress
/
Fatigue
management
Automatism
management
Assertivity
Work
distribution
Power
chain
11

12. Elements
CRM
Vigilance
and
crosscheck

Standard
Operational
Procedures
12Felipe
Sánchez
for
flightline
BCN

13. ACCIDENTS
Accidents
are
the
result
of
a
succession
of
events.
The
Links
of
this
chain
(which
lead
to
the
accident)
are
a
chain
of
errors.
Lack
of
experience
Weather
Delays
Pressure
Fatigue
Poor
Communication
Mechanical
failures
13
Felipe
Sánchez
for
flightline
BCN

14. 14
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Change in Accidents cause

15. James
Reason
Model
15
Company culture
SOP´s
Systems redundancy
Piloting skills

16. Los
Rodeos
Accident
16

17. 16

18.  Situation awareness, or SA, is the perception of environmental
elements within a volume of time and space, the comprehension
of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near
future.(Endsley 1988).
KNOW WHAT IS HAPPENING
AROUND YOU
17

19. Ambiguity
Confusion
Only fly the airplane or look outside
Do not follow SOPs
Stress and workload
Focus your attention
Routine and excess of confidence
19

20. Briefings
Follow the SOP
Teamwork
Effective communication
20

21. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
21

22. Clear
Brief
Adapt to reality
Logical
Open to questions and changes
22

23. Before every flight
When there is a change in a crew member
When a significance change occurs
23

24. Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) describes a
collision whereby an airworthy aircraft, under pilot
control, inadvertently flies into terrain, an obstacle,
or water. The term was developed by engineers at
Boeing in the late 1970s.
The pilots are generally unaware of the danger until
it is too late.
61% of aviation fatalities are caused by CFIT.
(1979-1991) Flight Safety Foundation
24

25. CALI´S ACCIDENT
25

26. Causes?
Solutions?
Situational awareness?
Crew CRM?
26

27. COMMUNICATION
27Felipe
Sánchez
for
flightline
BCN

28. COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Flightline
001
Ready
for
departure
FEEDBACK
28

29. CommunicaZons
and
accidents
• 37%
No
Communica4on
• 36%
Broken
or
incomplete
message
• 13%
Communica4on
not
in
4me
• 11%
non
understand
communica4on
• 3%
technical
failure
29

30. Elements
that
could
affect
communicaZon
between
crew
members
• Different
cultures
• Age
difference
• Status
• Physical
barriers
• Gender
30

31. • Transmit
the
informaZon
clear
and
loud.
• Use
standard
terminology.
• Express
our
suggesZons
and
worries
in
an
asserZve
way.
• Demand
feedback.
• Ask
for
confirmaZon
if
you
are
not
sure.
How
can
you
improve
your
communicaZons?
31

32. CommunicaZon
failures
• Do
not
use
open
communicaZon
• Use
a
faulty
code
• Code
ignorance
• Aggressive
communicaZons
• No
to
be
asserZve
• Do
not
demand
or
give
feedback
32

33. 33

34. Stress
is
the
emotional
and
physical
strain
caused
by
our
response
to
pressure
from
the
outside
world
It's
almost
impossible
to
live
without
some
stress.
But
if
stress
gets
out
of
control,
it
may
harm
your
health,
your
relationships,
and
your
enjoyment
of
life
34

35. 35

36. 
The
seriousness
of
the
problem
Personality
Training
Experience
36

37.  Sleep
disruption
 Nicotine
poisoning
 Abuse
of
alcohol
 Aggressively
 Emotional
bursting
 Decrease
of
libido
 Do
not
feel
hungry
37

38. Irritable
Hostility
Anxiety
Low
self-­‐esteem.
inferiority
complex
Isolation
from
friends
and
family
Inability
to
enjoy
your
live
Lost
of
Concentration
Abuse
of
drugs
and
alcohol
38

39. Tension,
headache
Gastritis
Insomnia
Muscular
Pain
Hypertension
Fatigue
“Breath
problems”
Perspiration
(Hands)
39

40. Identify
the
stress
factors
Use
relax
therapies
Improve
your
diet
Improve
physical
exercise
develop
your
interior
balance
In
case
you
can
not
control
it,
go
to
the
doctor
40

41. Weather
conditions
Noises
Hypoxia
Fatigue
Poor
physical
conditions
Company
pressures
Problems
with
the
crew
Maintenance
Lack
of
experience
Work
instability 41

42. Fatigue
is
a
lack
of
energy
and
motivation.
Fatigue
can
be
a
normal
and
important
response
to
physical
exertion,
emotional
stress,
boredom,
or
lack
of
sleep.
However,
it
can
also
be
a
nonspecific
sign
of
a
more
serious
psychological
or
physical
disorder.
42

43. PHYSICAL
(excessive
exercise)
MENTAL
(excess
of
intellectual
work)
PERCEPTION
(excess
of
stimulus)
INADEQUATE
REST
43

44. It
is
one
of
the
most
important
aviation
threats
In
a
NASA
research,
fatigue
was
a
contribute
factor
in
21%
of
the
studied
cases.
In
35%
of
aviation
accidents,
fatigue
is
mention
as
a
possible
factor.
44

45. 45Felipe
Sánchez
for
flightline
BCN

46. 46