2. Present Perfect
El presente perfecto se usa para expresar acciones que ocurrieron en un
tiempo no concreto antes de ahora. El tiempo específico no es importante.
Por lo tanto, no solemos usar expresiones de tiempo específicas ("this
morning", "yesterday", "last year"...) con el presente perfecto.
3. • Ejemplo:
• - I've talked to Peter.
• - She's gone to work.
Affirmative
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar
("to have") + participio
pasado
• Ejemplo:
• I haven't talked to Peter.
• She hasn't gone to work.
Negative
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar
("to have") + "not" +
participio pasado
• Ejemplo:
•Have you talked to Peter?
• Has she gone to work?
Interrogative
Verbo auxiliar ("to
have") + sujeto +
participio pasado...?
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Usamos este tiempo cuando queremos expresar el sentido de la
continuidad de una acción que ha comenzado en el pasado y que
dura todavía en el presente o que acaba de terminar.
5. •Ejemplo:
•They've been talking for three hours.
•She has been studying English since she was 16.
Affirmative
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar
("to have") + "been" +
gerundio.
•Ejemplo:
•They haven't been talking for more than a few minutes.
•She hasn't been studying English for very long
Negative
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar
("to have") + "not" +
"been" + gerundio
•Ejemplo:
•Have they been talking for a long time?
•Has Mary been waiting long?
Interrogative
Verbo auxiliar ("to
have") + sujeto +
"been" + gerundio?
6. Past Perfect
Usamos el pasado perfecto para referirnos
a una acción o evento que comenzó en el
pasado y que es anterior a otra acción
también en el pasado
Subject
Auxiliar
y
Short Form Past Participle
I, You, He, She, It, We,
They
had
I'd, you'd, he'd,
she'd, it'd, we'd,
they'd
studied, visited,
worked...
7. •Ejemplo:
•I'd visited the Louvre before so I knew where the Mona
Lisa was.
•They'd studied English before they went to London.
Affirmative
Sujeto + "had" +
participio pasado.
•Ejemplo:
•I hadn't visited the Louvre before so I didn't know where
the Mona Lisa was.
•They hadn't studied English before they went to London.
Negative
Sujeto + "had" + "not"
+ participio pasado.
•Ejemplo:
•How did you know where the Mona Lisa
was? Had you visited the Louvre before?
•Had they studied English before they went to London?
Interrogative
"Had" + sujeto +
participio pasado...?
8. Past Perfect Continuous
Usamos el pasado perfecto continuo para acciones en proceso
de realización en el pasado antes de otra acción ocurrida. El
pasado perfecto continuo se utiliza para la acción en el proceso
y el pasado simple para la acción que interrumpe la acción en
proceso. Nos referimos a algo que hemos estado haciendo en un
período de tiempo, por lo tanto, solemos usar las preposiciones
de tiempo "for" y "since"
9. •Ejemplo:
•I'd been studying English for 2 years
when I went to London.
Affirmative
Sujeto + "had" + "been"
+ gerundio...
• Ejemplo:
•I had not [hadn't] been studying
English long when I went to London.
Negative
Sujeto + "had" + "not" +
"been" + gerundio.
• Ejemplo:
•Had you been studying English for a
long time before you went to London?
Interrogative
"Had" + sujeto + "been"
+ gerundio...?
10. Future Perfect
Se usa el futuro perfecto para acciones que ya se han terminado
antes de otra acción en el futuro. También, se puede usar para
expresar que algo va a suceder antes de un momento específico
en el futuro
11. Affirmative
•Sujeto + "will have" + verbo principal.
•Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have" + verbo principal
•Ejemplo: The party will [is going to] have ended by the time you finish work.
•I'll [I'm going to] have eaten before we meet.
Negative
•Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "have" + verbo principal.
•Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have" + verbo principal.
•Ejemplo: The party won't [isn't going to] have ended by the time you finish work.
•I won't [I'm not going to] have eaten before we meet.
Interrogative
•"Will" + sujeto + "have" + verbo principal...?
•Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to have" + verbo principal...?
•Ejemplo: Will [Is] the party [going to] have ended before you finish work? (
•Will [Are] you [going to] have eaten before we meet?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Utilizamos el futuro perfecto
continuo para mostrar que
algo va a continuar hasta
otra acción o tiempo en el
futuro
13. Affirmative
•Sujeto + "will have been" + verbo principal.
•Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have been" + gerundio
• Ejemplo: Francis will have been living in Italy for 4 years by the time he finishes his studies.(
•We're going to have been working for 24 hours by the time we finish this project.
Negative
•Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "have been" + verbo principal.
•EstructuraSujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have been" + gerundio.
• Ejemplo: Francis won't have been living in Italy for long when he finishes his studies.
•We're not going to have been working too long by the time we finish this project.
Interrogative
• "Will" + sujeto + "have been" + verbo principal.
•EstructuraVerbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to have been" + gerundio.
• Ejemplo: Will Francis have been living in Italy for long by the time he finishes his studies?
•Are you going to have been working for a long time when you finish this project?
