What are the consequences of disunity: racism, integration, language and culture

1. Consequences of
Disunity

2. Starter
• What issues exist for countries where
disunity exists
• What is meant by the term land grabbing
• Why has Africa become such an important
part of the economic world for countries
such as China and India?

3. Learning Objectives
• Understand that conflict and fear exists in
some countries where disunity exists
• Failed states often are a result of this
disunity
• Assess the reasons why Somalia has a
long history of in fighting

4. • Many modern states contain strong
nationalist movements that seek to create
independence
– Scotland from UK
– Catalonia from Spain
– Quebec from Canada
• They still see themselves as part of the
bigger groups such as the EU
• But not part of the country they are in

5. The BRICS
• Collectively they contain 25% of the
world’s land area and 40% of the pop’n
• Their growth has had global significance
on
– Water consumption
– Energy
– Superpower status
– Climate Change
• It is expected that their combined income
by 2050 will be more than that of the
richest economies on the planet

6. • They have come together to form a loose voluntary
grouping to exert influence in developing countries
• BRICS growth rates have slowed since 2008
• Steel prod’n has been slashed
• Political tensions have begun to rise
• Russia is involved in conflicts in the Ukraine and
Syria
• Brazil and S. Africa are involved in corruption
cases
• Uneven growth within these countries are causing
growing issues

7. Social Unrest
• In countries such as Russia and China
there is growing unease and unrest about
the development problems being created
• The recession is bringing job losses in
their hundreds of thousands
• Economic growth levels look unlikely to be
met causing future uncertainty

8. Failed States
• Some countries have very strong authoritarian
style governments such as:
• Russia
• Saudi Arabia
• Places like the UK and USA are strongly
democratic and therefore Govts are held
account for what they do by the people.
• In some emerging countries the Govt is often
weak and works with local powerful elites
• This causes issues
• This becomes more obvious in failed states

9. Failed States
• Are those that:
– Loss of control over its territory, or lacks
physical dominance via the military
– Erosion of legitimate authority in decision
making processes
– Inability to provide public services
– Inability to interact with other states as a full
member of the international community

10. Fragile States

11. Case Study: Somalia
• As already mentioned before Somalia has
had many issues.
• It’s been considered a failed state since
1991
• It occurred when rival warlords fought to
gain control in clan based fiefdoms
• International Backed Unity Govt in 2000
failed to gain control
• Due to the issues two independent states
developed Somaliland and Puntland which
became self-governing

12. • Islamist Sharia courts attacked Mogadishu
in 2006
• This prompted Ethiopian intervention
alongside African Union forces
• Control began to be reintroduced
• Since 2012 a unity Govt has begun to
restore order and stability
• It does however still face challenges from
Al-Qaeda aligned Al-Shabab insurgents.
• The disintegration of Somalia has been
widely

14. • The majority of Somalians have a similar Ethnicity,
heritage, culture, language, laws and religion
• However there are strong allegiances to clans and
sub clans
• So while Somalia has many features of a National
Identity these are threatened by these competing
clans
• Also the failure of the Govt to protect and provide for
the people
• Order through reconnecting people with their ideas
of National Identity have begun