1. Edna Foley

2. 1. El Presente –ar,-er,-ir
2. Los Verbos con cambios de raiz
3. Los Irregulares en el forma del “yo”
4. Los Irregulares
5. Ser y Estar
6. Ser y Estar con adjetivos
7. Los verbos como gustar
8. Preterite vs. Imperfect

3. • The present tense of regular verbs is formed by dropping
the infinitive ending –ar, -er, or –ir and adding personal
endings
• Used to express habitual actions, actions that will take
place in the near future, actions or situations that are
going on at the present time, and to express general
truths.
Regular Conjugations
Hablar Hablo Hablas Habla Hablamos Hablan
Comer Como Comes Come Comimos Comen
Vivir Vivo Vives Vive Vivimos Viven

4. • Stem-changing Verbs: many –ar and –er verbs change
from e and o to ie and ue. Some –ir verbs change from e
to i. No stem changes occur in the nosotros/vosotros
form. Examples: Jugar-Juego; Incluir-Incluyo
Examples
Jugar Juego Juegas Juega Jugamos Juegan
Incluir Incluyo Incluyes Incluye Incluimos Incluyen

5. • Irregular yo forms: Verbs ending in –cer or –cir change to
–zco in the yo form; those ending in –ger or –gir change
to –jo. Several verbs have –go endings.
Examples
Exigir Exijo Exiges Exige Exigimos Exigen
Ver Veo Ves Ve Vimos Ven
• Verbs with prefixes follow the same pattern.
Example
Reconocer Reconozco Reconoces Reconoce Reconocimos Reconocen

6. • Irregular Verbs: Commonly used verbs in Spanish are
irregular in the present tense or combine a stem-
changing with an irregular yo form or other spelling
change.

7. • Both mean “to be”
• Uses of Ser: Nationality and place of origin; profession or
occupation; characteristics of people, animals, and things;
generalizations; possession; material of composition; time, date, or
season; where or when an event takes place.
• Uses of Estar: Location or spatial relationships; health; physical
states and conditions; emotional states; certain weather expressions;
ongoing actions (progressive tenses); results of actions (past
participles).

8. • With adjectives: Ser is used with adjectives to describe
inherent, expected qualities. Estar is used to describe
temporary or variable qualities.
• Some adjectives have two different meanings when used
with ser and estar. *Estar is used with muerto/a, not ser.

9. • Gustar is followed by an indirect object pronoun indicating the person
who is pleased.
• The thing or person that pleases the subject always agrees with
gustar.
• When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the
singular form of gustar is always used.
• Gustar is often used in the condition (me gustaria) to soften a
request.
• Many verbs follow the same pattern as gustar, Examples: Encantar,
molestar, faltar, quedar.
• The construction a+(prepositional pronoun) or a+(noun) can be used
to emphasize who is pleased, bothered, etc.

10. • The preterite is used for actions in the past that are seen
as completed. Use of the preterite tense implies that the
past action had a definite beginning and definite end.
• To conjugate regular verbs in the preterite, simply drop
the ending and add one as follows:
Hablar Hablé Hablaste Habló Hablamos Hablaron
Comer Comé Comiste Comió Comimos Comieron
Vivir Vivé Viviste Vivió Vivimos Vivieron

11. • The imperfect is used for actions in the past that are not
seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies
that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a
definite end.
• To conjugate regular verbs in the imperfect, simply drop
the ending and one of the endings as follows:
Hablar Hablaba Hablabas Hablaba Hablabamos Hablaba
Comer Comiba Comibas Comiba Comibamos Comiban
Vivir Viviba Vivibas Viviba Vivibamos Vivaban