1. TABLE OF ENGLISH CONSONANT SOUND
Place
Bilabial
Labiodental
Manner
Stop / Plosive
pb
Fricative
fv
Dental /
Interdental
Alveolar
td
θδ sz
Affricative
Nasal
m
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Labia
Velar
Glottal
ʍ*
h
kg
ʃӡ
ʧʤ
ɧ
n
ɹ
Approximant
Lateral
Approximant
Post
Alveolar
j
w
l
Manner of Articulation: describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact.
Plosive / stop: where there is complete occlusion (blockage) of both the oral and nasal cavities of the vocal tract, and
therefore no air flow.
Fricative: where there is continuous frication (turbulent and noisy airflow) at the place of articulation, the spec of fricative is
making a hissing sound.
By : Flow right to copy 2010, everyone of you enable to copy this paper, so let’s study hard, and never give up.

2. Affricate: which begins like a plosive, but this releases into a fricative rather than having a separate release of its own.
Nasal: where there is complete occlusion of the oral cavity, and the air passes instead through the nose.
Approximant: where there is very little obstruction.
Lateral approximants: Is a type of approximant pronounced with the side of the tongue.
Place of Articulation: the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active articulator (Tongue) and
a passive articulator (roof of the mouth).
Bilabial: between the lips
Labiodental: between the lower lip and the upper teeth
Dental: between the front of the tongue and the top teeth
Alveolar: between the front of the tongue and the ridge behind the gums (the alveolus)
Post alveolar: between the front of the tongue and the space behind the alveolar ridge
Retroflex: the tongue curls back so the underside touches the palate
Palatal: between the middle of the tongue and the hard palate
Velar: between the back of the tongue and the soft palate (the velum)
Glottal: are consonants articulated with the glottis (pharynx)
By : Flow right to copy 2010, everyone of you enable to copy this paper, so let’s study hard, and never give up.

3. VOWEL CHART
Articulation
: The articulatory features that distinguish different vowel sounds are said to determine the vowel's quality.
Height
: Vowel height is named for the vertical position of the tongue relative to either the roof of the mouth or the
aperture of the jaw.
By : Flow right to copy 2010, everyone of you enable to copy this paper, so let’s study hard, and never give up.

4. Backness
: Vowel backness is named for the position of the tongue during the articulation of a vowel relative to the back of the mouth
Vowel backness is named for the position of the tongue during the articulation of a vowel relative to the back of the mouth.
Roundedness : refers to whether the lips are rounded or not. In most languages, roundedness is a reinforcing feature of mid to
high back vowels, and is not distinctive.
Nasalization
: refers to whether some of the air escapes through the nose.
Voicing/Pronouncing: describes whether the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation of a vowel
A vowel sound whose quality doesn't change over the duration of the vowel is called a monophthong. Monophthongs are
sometimes called "pure" or "stable" vowels. A vowel sound that glides from one quality to another is called a
diphthong, and a vowel sound that glides successively through three qualities is a triphthong.
By : Flow right to copy 2010, everyone of you enable to copy this paper, so let’s study hard, and never give up.