1. DED100 Educational Psychology I:
Theories and Applications for Learning and Teaching
*

2. *
*Brief Introduction of Learning Theories to be
covered
*Brief Introduction of scenario
*Analysis of Scenario
*Proposed Solutions
*Closure

3. *
*Proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943.
*Suggests that all individuals have needs
*Broken up into two categories: Deficiency
Needs and Growth Needs

4. *
*Proposed by Jean Piaget in 1965.
*Suggested that children’s response to moral
problems can be divided into two broad stages.
*External Morality
*Autonomous Morality

5. *
*Proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg
*Suggested that there are three levels, and six stages
of moral reasoning.
*Punishment-Obedience
*Market Exchange
*Interpersonal Harmony
*Law and Order
*Social Context
*Universal Principles

6. *
*Proposed by Erik Erikson.
*Suggests that our psychosocial development is
characterised by 8 different stages.
*Will only focus on Stage 4 : Industry vs.
Inferiority

7. *
*Proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner in 1979.
*Suggests that human development boils down
to two main factors: our biological wiring and
environmental experiences in different
systems.
*Will focus on two main systems – mesosystem
and microsystem.

8. *
*Proposed by Diana Baumrind
*First suggested that there were 3 parenting
styles, which were later expanded to four by
Maccoby and Martin.

9. *
*Social Emotional Learning (SEL)
*SEL Competencies to encourage better
communication skills, relationship management
and making good decisions.

10. *
*Scenario 3
*Main Focus of Scenario: Primary School Student
John

18. *
*Analysis of John
*Analysis of John’s Home Environment and its
effects
*Analysis of John’s School Environment and its
effects
*Surfaced Issues

19. *
*Has good potential to do well
*Low Self Esteem
*Lack of Intrinsic motivation to study - as seen
from test papers, does not even try.
*Uses force to vent his frustrations (knocking his
head, pushing friends, throwing the chair at
the teacher)

20. *
*Parents are divorced; parents were fighting for
his custody 4 years ago and it affected him
*Mother has since found another boyfriend
*Father is constantly not around
*Currently staying with mother and stepfather
*Both mother and stepfather see his inability to
do well in school as an embarrassment.
*Stepfather uses physical punishment to discipline
him

21. *
*Does not get along well with classmates and
friends
*Initially tries to be close to his classmates, but
is not welcomed by his classmates.
*Does not participate in group work because the
classmates think he is a liability.

22. *
*Is defiant towards his teachers
*Argues and answers the teacher

23. *
*Gets involved in computer games till wee hours
of the morning
*Is not performing well in school
*is badly affected by his parents' quarreling -
knocks his head against the wall to vent his
frustrations
*Is disinterested in trying to mingle with the
group to get his work done

24. *
*Is seeking companionship, regardless of with friends
or family
*Is quite bright and has good potential, but not
maximising it
*Has seemingly given up hope in his studying and
himself
*Values family alot, but is disappointed when his
family does not seem to value him as much
*Misses the times when his family was still intact

25. *
*Parents are divorced.
*Living with Stepfather and Mother.
*Past – Parents used to dote on him.
*Bronfenbrenner’s Theory
*Mother and Stepfather just leaves abruptly,
leaving John in the care of Grandparents.
*No proper care and guidance (Computer
gaming)

26. *
*Father is constantly not around.
*Mother jumps to conclusions
*Stepfather uses physical punishment to deal
with John.

27. *
*John resorts to physical methods to express his
frustration (Reactive Aggression)
*Feels left out
*No sense of belonging
*No proper guiding figure

28. *
*Teachers are aware, but lets parents deal with
the issue.
*Sees speaking to parents as an intervention

29. *
*Intentional exclusion towards him (Group Work,
Basketball Court)
*Hostile towards John, quotes their own parents
words.

30. *
*Lack of Sense of Belonging
*Lack of Motivation to study

31. *
*Lack of Self Belonging
*Lack of Self Esteem
*Lack of Motivation
*Fundamental Theory: Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs

32. *

33. *
*Fundamental Theory – Motivation Theory
*Identified that the main issue was the lack of
motivation

34. *
*Classroom Interventions
*Face to Face Interaction between Teacher and
Student
*Face to Face Interaction between FTSC and
student
*Face to Face Interaction between School
Principal and student
*Use of Strategies to Ensure More Attention to
Individual Pupil Development throughout
Primary School Life (SEAIP) Model

35. *
*After School Student Involvement Programme
*Student Directed Solutions
*Personal Goal Setting
*The ‘ME!’ Discovery

36. *
*People who have direct contact with students
*Serves to motivate and encourage
*Provide an avenue for the student to express
outside the classroom
*Baseline Intervention
*In line with SEAIP

37. *
*FTSC (Full Time School Counsellor)
*Employed when talks with student has broken
down
*Allows a profession in the field to examine and
analyse the motivation behind such behaviour
*Will inform parents of such an arrangement

38. *
*To show the willingness of the school to adopt
a listening stance
*To show the care and concern offered by all
members of the school.

39. *
*Strategies to Ensure More Attention to
Individual Pupil Development through Primary
School Life (SEAIP) Model
*One on One Interaction
*Form and Co-Form Teachers
*Parent-Teacher Conferencing

40. *

41. *

42. *
*To create a suitable environment which the
students might not be able to get at home
*To provide guidance
*To promote an avenue for inclusivity amongst
other students
*To help encourage self-efficacy through
confidence building activities

43. *
*To be held after school
*Will involve teachers and AEs (Allied Educators)

44. *
*Proposed Activities:
*Academic Revision
*Sports and Recreation
*Confidence Building
*Skill Learning (Drama, Art, Music etc)

45. *
*The home environment is no longer conducive
for the student.
*Lack of such programmes in John’s current
school environment
*John will not change his behaviour immediately
*School’s Support

46. *
*Cost
*Workload
*Time

47. *
*To motivate and to create an avenue for
learning.

48. *
*Parents’ Rejection
*Student’s refusal to follow the solution
*Lack of Resources

49. *
*Goal Setting
*The ‘ME’ Discovery

50. *Goal Setting
*To allow for students to identify their personal
goals
*To allow for students to identify the steps they
will take to achieve such goals

51. *The ‘ME!’ Discovery
*Self Discovery Process
*Encourages the students to ask themselves
what they are really like
*A platform for self expression

52. *
*Learning Theories
*Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
*Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
*Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development
*Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
*SEL Framework
*Motivation Theory

53. *
*Holistic, all rounded approach
*Concerted Effort between parents and teachers
*Proper environments must be developed and
fostered.

54. *