3. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) A key to human variability DNA sequence variation at a single nucleotide that may alter the function of the encoded protein Polymorphisms are common and contribute to common diseases and influence our response to medications * Functional but altered protein Functional protein
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7. Goldstein DB, et al. Nature Reviews 2003;4: 937-947 Genetic variants found to be significantly associated with drug response in at least two studies Nature Reviews 2003;4:937-947
8. Goldstein DB, et al. Nature Reviews 2003;4: 937-947 Genetic variants found to be significantly associated with drug response in at least two studies Nature Reviews 2003;4:937-947
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18. Effect of VKORC1 Haplotype A or B on Warfarin dosage Rieder et al. New England Journal of Medicine 2005
19. Individual Variability in Warfarin Dose Warfarin maintenance dose (mg/day) SENSITIVITY CYP2C9 coding SNPs RESISTANCE VKORC1 coding SNPs Frequency Common VKORC1 non-coding SNPs Adapted from Rettie and Tai, Molecular Interventions 2006 (*3/*3) 0.5 5 15
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29. Experimental Group Pharmacist calculates dose using algorithm ASAP without genetic info & re-calculates dose including genetic info as soon as available Pharmacist communicates recommended dose to the treating physician & ensures patient is d/c’d on that dose Pharmacist calculates dose using algorithm ASAP without genetic info Clinical pharmacist makes dose change Subjects follow up for routine care in the ACC or Family Medicine Center Anticoagulation Clinc Control Group Collect outcomes data over first 3 months of treatment: visits, TTR, utilization… Pharmacist communicates recommended dose to the treating physician & ensures patient is d/c’d on that dose Clinical pharmacist makes dose change Subjects follow up for routine care in the ACC or Family Medicine Center Anticoagulation Clinc Collect outcomes data over first 3 months of treatment: visits, TTR, utilization…