This is the presentation for Chapter 13 Section 3.

1. Guide to Reading
Main Idea
Cotton was vital to the economy of the South. 
Key Terms
• cotton gin 
• capital
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2. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom
• The economy of the South thrived by 1850
because of cotton. 
• It became the leading cash crop. 
• Tobacco and rice had been profitable in
colonial times, but tobacco depended on
foreign markets and the price fluctuated. 
• Rice could not be grown in the dry inland
areas. 
• In the Deep South–Georgia, South Carolina,
Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas–
cotton helped the economy prosper, and
slavery grew stronger.
(pages 397–399)
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3. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom (cont.)
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionized cotton
production. 
• The machine removed seeds from cotton fibers.

• A worker could clean only 1 pound of
cotton a day by hand, but with the machine, a
worker could clean 50 pounds. 
• The cotton gin led to the need for more workers.

• Southern planters relied on enslaved laborers to
plant and pick the cotton.
(pages 397–399)
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4. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom (cont.)
• The British textile industry created a huge
demand for cotton and kept the price high. 
• The Deep South was committed to cotton,
with some areas also growing rice and
sugarcane. 
• The Upper South–Maryland, Virginia, and
North Carolina–was also agricultural and
produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and
vegetables.
(pages 397–399)
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5. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom (cont.)
• The value of enslaved people increased due to
the reliance on them for producing cotton and
sugar. 
• The Upper South became a center for the sale
and transport of enslaved people in the region.
(pages 397–399)
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6. Industry in the South
• The South remained rural and agricultural. 
• The entire South produced fewer
manufactured goods than the state
of Pennsylvania in the 1860s.
(pages 399–400)
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7. Industry in the South (cont.)
• Several barriers to industry developed in the
South: 
- Because cotton was so profitable, farming was
important, not new business. 
- Because capital, or money to invest in business,
was lacking, new industry did
not develop. 
- People saw no reason to sell their land or
enslaved workers to raise money for industry,
and they believed their economy would continue
to prosper.
(pages 399–400)
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8. Industry in the South (cont.)
- Because the market for manufactured goods
in the South was smaller than in the North, this also
discouraged industrial development.
- Some Southerners did not want industry.
(pages 399–400)
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9. Industry in the South (cont.)
• Goods were transported via natural waterways.

• Most towns were along rivers or on the coast.

• Roads were poor and there were few canals. 
• Railroad lines were mostly local and did not
connect parts of a region. 
• By 1860 only about one-third of the rail lines
were in the South.
(pages 399–400)
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