After quitting

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Fitango Education
Health Topics
After quitting

1
Overview
**Key Points**
-- Quitting is the only way that smokers can
substantially reduce their risk of disease. Although
quitting is difficult, millions of people have quit
smoking for good. Many tips are offered in this fact
sheet, but everyone is different so choose the tips
that will work best for you. In general, keeping
busy and avoiding the things that tempt you to
smoke will help you manage withdrawal symptoms
and avoid your triggers to smoke.

2
Overview
**Key Points**
-- Common withdrawal symptoms associated with
quitting include nicotine cravings, anger,
frustration, irritability, anxiety, depression, and
weight gain. It may help to know that withdrawal
symptoms are usually worst during the first week
after quitting. From that point, the intensity of the
symptoms drops over the first month. In the
meantime, there are many steps you can take to
make it easier to quit smoking.

3
Overview
**Key Points**
-- Triggers are the moods, feelings, places, or
things that you do in your daily life that make you
want to smoke. Triggers for smoking may include
being around other smokers, feeling stressed,
drinking coffee or tea, and enjoying a meal.
Knowing your triggers helps you stay in control
because you can avoid them, or, when you can’t,
you can do things to keep your mind off smoking.

4
Overview
**Key Points**
-- Strong and consistent evidence shows that
nicotine replacement products can help relieve
nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. These
products are available in five different forms—
patch, gum, lozenge, nasal spray, and inhaler. In
addition, cravings and withdrawal symptoms can
be relieved by the prescription medications
bupropion and varenicline.

5
Handling Withdrawal
**What are some of the withdrawal symptoms
associated with quitting smoking?**Quitting smoking may cause short-term problems,
especially for those who have smoked heavily for
many years. These temporary changes can result in
withdrawal symptoms.

6
Handling Withdrawal
associated with quitting smoking?**Common withdrawal symptoms associated with
quitting include the following:
-- Nicotine cravings (nicotine is the substance in
tobacco that causes addiction).
-- Anger, frustration, and irritability.
-- Anxiety.

7
Handling Withdrawal
associated with quitting smoking?**-- Depression.
-- Weight gain.
-- Studies have shown that about half of smokers
report experiencing at least four withdrawal
symptoms (such as anger, anxiety, or depression)
when they quit. People have reported other
symptoms, including dizziness, increased
dreaming, and headaches.

8
Handling Withdrawal
associated with quitting smoking?**The good news is that there is much you can do to
reduce cravings and manage common withdrawal
symptoms (see Questions 3–7, 16, and 18). Even
without medication, withdrawal symptoms and
other problems subside over time. It may also help
to know that withdrawal symptoms are usually
worst during the first week after quitting. From
that point on, the intensity usually drops over the
first month. However, everyone is different, and
some people have withdrawal symptoms for
several months after quit

9
Handling Withdrawal
**What are some of the triggers for smoking?**
In addition to nicotine cravings, reminders in your
daily life of times when you used to smoke may
trigger you to smoke. Triggers are the moods,
feelings, places, or things you do in your daily life
that turn on your desire to smoke.
Triggers may include any of the following:

10
Handling Withdrawal
-- Being around smokers.
-- Starting the day.
-- Feeling stressed.
-- Being in a car.
-- Drinking coffee or tea.

11
Handling Withdrawal
-- Enjoying a meal.
-- Drinking an alcoholic beverage.
-- Feeling bored.

12
Handling Withdrawal
**What can I do about nicotine cravings?**
As a smoker, you get used to having a certain level
of nicotine in your body. You control that level by
how much you smoke, how deeply you inhale the
smoke, and the kind of tobacco you use. When you
quit, cravings develop when your body wants
nicotine. It takes time to break free from nicotine
addiction. Also, when you see people smoking or
are around other triggers, you may get nicotine
cravings. Cravings are real. They are not just in
your imagination. At the same time, your mood
may change, a

13
Handling Withdrawal
The urge to smoke will come and go. Cravings
usually last only a very brief period of time.
Cravings usually begin within an hour or two after
you have your last cigarette, peak for several days,
and may last several weeks. As the days pass, the
cravings will get farther apart. Occasional mild
cravings may last for 6 months.
Here are some tips for managing cravings:

14
Handling Withdrawal
-- Remind yourself that they will pass.
-- Avoid situations and activities that you used to
associate with smoking.
-- As a substitute for smoking, try chewing on
carrots, pickles, apples, celery, sugarless gum, or
hard candy. Keeping your mouth busy may stop the
psychological need to smoke.

15
Handling Withdrawal
-- Try this exercise: Take a deep breath through
your nose and blow out slowly through your
mouth. Repeat 10 times.
Go online to Smokefree.gov
(http://www.smokefree.gov), a Web site created
by the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Tobacco
Control Research Branch, and use the Step-by-Step
Quit Guide to learn about other tips for managing
cravings.

16
Handling Withdrawal
**What can I do about anger, frustration, and
irritability?**After you quit smoking, you may feel edgy and
short-tempered, and you may want to give up on
tasks more quickly than usual. You may be less
tolerant of others and get into more arguments.

17
Handling Withdrawal
irritability?**Studies have found that the most common
negative feelings associated with quitting are
feelings of anger, frustration, and irritability. These
negative feelings peak within 1 week of quitting
and may last 2 to 4 weeks.
Here are some tips for managing these negative
feelings:
-- Remind yourself that these feelings are
temporary.

18
Handling Withdrawal
irritability?**-- Engage in a physical activity, such as taking a
walk.
-- Reduce caffeine by limiting or avoiding coffee,
soda, and tea.
-- Try meditation or other relaxation techniques,
such as getting a massage, soaking in a hot bath, or
breathing deeply through your nose and out
through your mouth for 10 breaths.

19
Handling Withdrawal
irritability?**-- Ask your doctor about nicotine replacement
products or other medications.
**What can I do about anxiety?**

20
Handling Withdrawal
irritability?**Within 24 hours of quitting smoking, you may feel
tense and agitated. You may feel a tightness in
your muscles—especially around the neck and
shoulders. Studies have found that anxiety is one
of the most common negative feelings associated
with quitting. If anxiety occurs, it builds over the
first 3 days after quitting and may last 2 weeks.
Here are some tips for managing anxiety:

21
Handling Withdrawal
irritability?**-- Remind yourself that anxiety will pass with time.
-- Set aside some quiet time every morning and
evening—a time when you can be alone in a quiet
environment.
-- Engage in physical activity, such as taking a walk.

22
Handling Withdrawal
irritability?**-- Reduce caffeine by limiting or avoiding coffee,
soda, and tea.
-- Try meditation or other relaxation techniques,
such as getting a massage, soaking in a hot bath, or
breathing deeply through your nose and out
through your mouth for 10 breaths.
-- Ask your doctor about nicotine replacement
products or other medications.

23
Handling Withdrawal
**What can I do about depression?**
It is normal to feel sad for a period of time after
you first quit smoking. If mild depression occurs, it
will usually begin within the first day, continue for
the first couple of weeks, and go away within a
month.

24
Handling Withdrawal
Having a history of depression is associated with
more severe withdrawal symptoms—including
more severe depression. Some studies have found
that many people with a history of major
depression will have a new major depressive
episode after quitting. However, in those with no
history of depression, major depression after
quitting is rare.

25
Handling Withdrawal
Many people have a strong urge to smoke when
they feel depressed. Here are some tips for
managing depression:
-- Call a friend and plan to have lunch or go to a
movie, concert, or other pleasurable event.

26
Handling Withdrawal
-- Identify your specific feelings at the time that
you seem depressed. Are you actually feeling tired,
lonely, bored, or hungry? Focus on and address
these specific needs.
-- Increase physical activity. This will help to
improve your mood and lift your depression.
-- Breathe deeply.

27
Handling Withdrawal
-- Make a list of things that are upsetting to you
and write down solutions for them.
-- If depression continues for more than 1 month,
see your doctor. Ask your doctor about
prescription medications that may help you with
depression. Studies show that bupropion and
nortriptyline can help people with a past history of
depression who try to quit smoking. Nicotine
replacement products also help.

28
Handling Withdrawal
**What can I do about weight gain?**
Gaining weight is common after quitting. Studies
have shown that, on average, people who have
never smoked weigh a few pounds more than
smokers, and, when smokers quit, they attain the
weight they would have had if they had never
smoked.

29
Handling Withdrawal
Although most smokers gain fewer than 10 pounds
after they quit smoking, the weight gain can be
troublesome for some people. However, the health
benefits of quitting far outweigh the health risks of
a small amount of extra weight.
Here are some tips for managing weight gain:

30
Handling Withdrawal
-- Ask your doctor about the medication
bupropion. Studies show that it helps counter
weight gain.
-- Studies also show that nicotine replacement
products, especially nicotine gum and lozenges,
can help counter weight gain. Because some
people who quit smoking increase their food
intake, regular physical activity and healthy food
choices can help you maintain a healthy weight.

31
Handling Withdrawal
-- If weight gain is a problem, you may want to
consult a nutritionist or diet counselor.
**How can I resist the urge to smoke when I’m
around smokers?**

32
Handling Withdrawal
You may want to analyze situations in which
watching others smoke triggers an urge in you to
smoke. Figure out what it is about those situations
that makes you want to smoke. Is it because you
associate feeling happy with being around other
smokers? Or, is there something special about the
situations, such as being around the people you
usually smoked with? Is it tempting to join others
for routine smoke breaks?

33
Handling Withdrawal
Here are some tips:
-- Limit your contact with smokers, especially in the
early weeks of quitting.
-- Do not buy, carry, light, or hold cigarettes for
others.
-- If you are in a group and others light up, excuse
yourself, and don’t return until they have finished.

34
Handling Withdrawal
-- Do not let people smoke in your home. Post a
small “No Smoking” sign by your front door.
-- Ask others to help you stay quit. Give them
specific examples of things that are helpful (such
as not smoking around you) and things that are not
helpful (like asking you to buy cigarettes for them).

35
Handling Withdrawal
-- Focus on what you’ve gained by quitting. For
example, think of how healthy you will be when all
smoking effects are gone from your body and you
can call yourself smoke-free. Also, add up how
much money you have saved already by not
purchasing cigarettes and imagine (in detail) how
you will spend your savings in 6 months.
**How can I start the day without smoking?**

36
Handling Withdrawal
Many smokers light up a cigarette right after they
wake up. After 6 to 8 hours of sleep, a smoker’s
nicotine level drops and the smoker needs a boost
of nicotine to start the day. After you quit, you
must be ready to overcome the physical need and
routine of waking up and smoking a cigarette.
Instead of reaching for your cigarettes in the
morning, here are some tips:

37
Handling Withdrawal
-- The morning can set the tone for the rest of the
day. Plan a different wake-up routine, and divert
your attention from smoking.
-- Be sure no cigarettes are available.
-- Before you go to sleep, make a list of things you
need to avoid in the morning that will make you
want to smoke. Place this list where you used to
place your cigarettes.

38
Handling Withdrawal
-- Begin each day with a planned activity that will
keep you busy for an hour or more. It will keep
your mind and body busy so you don’t think about
smoking.
-- Begin each day with deep breathing and by
drinking one or more glasses of water.

39
Handling Withdrawal
**How can I resist the urge to smoke when I’m feeling
stressed?**Most smokers report that one reason they smoke
is to handle stress. This happens because smoking
cigarettes actually relieves some of your stress by
releasing powerful chemicals in your brain.
Temporary changes in brain chemistry cause you to
experience decreased anxiety, enhanced pleasure,
and alert relaxation. Once you stop smoking, you
may become more aware of stress.

40
Handling Withdrawal
stressed?**Everyday worries, responsibilities, and hassles can
all contribute to stress. As you go longer without
smoking, you will get better at handling stress,
especially if you learn stress reduction and
relaxation techniques.
Here are some tips:

41
Handling Withdrawal
stressed?**-- Know the causes of stress in your life (your job,
traffic, your children, money) and identify the
stress signals (headaches, nervousness, or trouble
sleeping). Once you pinpoint high-risk trigger
situations, you can start to develop new ways to
handle them.
-- Create peaceful times in your everyday schedule.
For example, set aside an hour where you can get
away from other people and your usual
environment.

42
Handling Withdrawal
stressed?**-- Try relaxation techniques, such as progressive
relaxation or yoga, and stick with the one that
works best for you.
-- Rehearse and visualize your relaxation plan. Put
your plan into action. Change your plan as needed.
-- You may find it helpful to read a book about how
to handle stress.

43
Handling Withdrawal
**How can I resist the urge to smoke when I'm driving
or riding in a car?**You may have become used to smoking while
driving—to relax in a traffic jam or to stay alert on
a long drive. Like many smokers, you may like to
light up when driving to and from work to relieve
stress, stay alert, relax, or just pass the time. There
is some evidence that smoking actually does make
you feel more awake and alert.

44
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**Tips for short trips:
-- Remove the ashtray, lighter, and cigarettes from
your car.
-- Keep nonfattening snacks in your car (such as
licorice, sugarless gum, and hard candy).
-- Turn on your favorite music and sing along.

45
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**-- Take an alternate route to work or try
carpooling.
-- Clean your car and make sure to use deodorizers
to reduce the tobacco smell.
Tell yourself:
“This urge will go away in a few minutes.”

46
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**“So, I’m not enjoying this car ride. Big deal! It
won’t last forever!”
“My car smells clean and fresh!”
“I’m a better driver now that I’m not smoking
while driving.”
When you are driving or riding with other people:

47
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**-- Ask passengers not to smoke in your car.
-- If you’re not driving, find something to do with
your hands.
-- Your desire to smoke may be stronger and more
frequent on longer trips.
Tips for long trips:

48
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**-- Take a stretch break.
-- Take fresh fruit along.
-- Plan rest stops.
-- Plan stops for water or fruit juice.
-- How can I resist the urge to smoke when I’m
having coffee or tea?

49
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**You may be used to smoking when drinking coffee
or tea (for example, during or after meals or during
work breaks), and you may associate good feelings
with drinking a hot beverage. When you give up
smoking, expect to feel a strong urge to reach for a
cigarette while drinking coffee or tea. Although
you do not have to give up coffee or tea to quit
smoking, you should expect that coffee or tea will
not taste the same without a cigarette.

50
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**Here are some tips:
-- If you used to smoke while drinking coffee or
tea, tell people you have quit, so they won’t offer
you a cigarette.
-- Between sips of coffee or tea, take deep breaths
to inhale the aroma. Breathe in deeply and slowly
while you count to five, and then breathe out
slowly, counting to five again.

51
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**-- Try switching to decaffeinated coffee or tea for a
while, particularly if quitting has made you irritable
or nervous.
-- Keep your hands busy by nibbling on healthy
foods, doodling, or making a list of tasks for the
day.
-- If the urge to smoke is very strong, drink your
coffee or tea more quickly than usual and then
change activities or rooms.

52
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**-- When you quit smoking, drinking coffee or tea
without smoking may make you feel sad. Focus on
what you’ve gained by quitting.
-- How can I enjoy a meal without smoking?

53
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**Food often tastes better after you quit smoking,
and you may have a bigger appetite. Expect to
want to smoke after meals. Your desire to smoke
after meals may depend on whether you are alone,
with other smokers, or with nonsmokers.
Your urge to smoke may be stronger with certain
foods, such as spicy or sweet foods. Also, the urge
to smoke may be stronger at different meal times.

54
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**Here are some tips:
-- Know what kinds of foods increase your urge to
smoke and stay away from them.
-- If you are alone, call a friend or take a walk as
soon as you’ve finished eating.
-- Brush your teeth or use mouthwash right after
meals.

55
Handling Withdrawal
or riding in a car?**-- If you have coffee or a fruit drink, concentrate on
the taste.
-- Wash the dishes by hand after eating—you can’t
smoke with wet hands!
-- Eat at smoke-free restaurants.

56
Handling Withdrawal
drinking an alcoholic beverage?**You may be used to smoking when drinking beer,
wine, liquor, or mixed drinks, and you may
associate good feelings with drinking alcoholic
beverages. When you quit smoking, you may feel a
strong urge to smoke when you drink alcohol.
Know this up front if you are going to drink. If you
do drink, keep in mind that your control over your
behavior may be impaired under the influence of
alcohol. When you try to quit smoking, drinking
alcohol may make it even tougher to cope.

57
Handling Withdrawal
drinking an alcoholic beverage?**Here are some tips for the first few weeks after
quitting:
-- Many people find it helpful to reduce or avoid
drinking alcohol.
-- Switch to nonalcoholic drinks.
-- If you do drink, don’t choose the alcoholic
beverages you usually have when smoking.

58
Handling Withdrawal
drinking an alcoholic beverage?**-- Don’t drink at home or by yourself.
-- Stay away from the places you usually drink
alcohol, or drink only with nonsmoking friends.
-- How can I resist the urge to smoke when I’m
feeling bored?

59
Handling Withdrawal
drinking an alcoholic beverage?**When you quit smoking, you may miss the
increased excitement and good feeling that
nicotine gave you. This may be particularly true
when you are feeling bored.
Here are some tips:
-- Plan more activities than you have time for.

60
Handling Withdrawal
drinking an alcoholic beverage?**-- Make a list of things to do when confronted with
free time.
-- Move! Do not stay in the same place too long.
-- If you feel very bored when waiting for
something or someone (a bus, your friend, your
kids), distract yourself with a book, magazine, or
crossword puzzle.

61
Handling Withdrawal
drinking an alcoholic beverage?**-- Look at and listen to what is going on around
you.
-- Carry something to keep your hands busy.
-- Listen to a favorite song.
-- Go outdoors, if you can, but not to places you
associate with smoking.

62
Handling Withdrawal
**Do nicotine replacement products relieve nicotine
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**Yes. Nicotine replacement products deliver
measured doses of nicotine into the body, which
helps to relieve the cravings and withdrawal
symptoms often felt by people trying to quit
smoking. Nicotine replacement products are
effective treatments that can increase the
likelihood that someone will quit successfully (5,
9).

63
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**Five forms of nicotine replacement products have
been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA):

64
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- The nicotine patch is available over the counter
(without a prescription). A new patch is worn on
the skin each day, supplying a small but steady
amount of nicotine to the body. The nicotine patch
is sold in varying strengths, usually as an 8- to 10-
week quit-smoking treatment. Typically, the
nicotine doses are gradually lowered as treatment
progresses. The nicotine patch may not be a good
choice for people with skin problems or allergies to
adhesive tape. Also, some people experience the
sid

65
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- Nicotine gum is available over the counter in two
strengths (2 and 4 milligrams). When a person
chews nicotine gum and then places the chewed
product between the cheek and gum tissue,
nicotine is released into the bloodstream through
the lining of the mouth. To keep a steady amount
of nicotine in the body, a new piece of gum can be
chewed every 1 or 2 hours. The 4-milligram dose
appears to be more effective among highly
dependent smokers (those who smoked 20 or
more cigarettes per day) (10, 1

66
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- The nicotine lozenge is also available over the
counter in 2 and 4 milligram strengths. The lozenge
is used similarly to nicotine gum; it is placed
between the cheek and the gums and allowed to
dissolve. Nicotine is released into the bloodstream
through the lining of the mouth. The lozenge
works best when used every 1 or 2 hours and
when coffee, juice, or other acidic beverages are
not consumed at the same time.

67
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- Nicotine nasal spray is available by prescription
only. The spray comes in a pump bottle containing
nicotine that tobacco users can inhale when they
have an urge to smoke. Nicotine is absorbed more
quickly via the spray than with other nicotine
replacement products. Nicotine nasal spray is not
recommended for people with nasal or sinus
conditions, allergies, or asthma or for young
tobacco users. Side effects from the spray include
sneezing, coughing, and watering eyes, but these
problems usua

68
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- A nicotine inhaler, also available by prescription
only, delivers a vaporized form of nicotine to the
mouth through a mouthpiece attached to a plastic
cartridge. Even though it is called an inhaler, the
device does not deliver nicotine to the lungs the
way a cigarette does. Most of the nicotine travels
only to the mouth and throat, where it is absorbed
through the mucous membranes. Common side
effects include throat and mouth irritation and
coughing. Anyone with a breathing problem such
as as

69
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- Experts recommend combining nicotine
replacement therapy with advice or counseling
from a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, or other health
care provider. Also, experts suggest that smokers
quit using tobacco products before they start using
nicotine replacement products. Too much nicotine
can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea,
weakness, or rapid heartbeat.
**Are nicotine replacement products safe?**

70
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**It is far less harmful for a person to get nicotine
from a nicotine replacement product than from
cigarettes because tobacco smoke contains many
toxic and cancer-causing substances. Long-term
use of nicotine replacement products has not been
associated with any serious harmful effects (11).
**Are there products to help people quit smoking
that do not contain nicotine?**

71
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**Yes, a doctor may prescribe one of several
medicines that do not contain nicotine:

72
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- Bupropion, a prescription antidepressant, was
approved by the FDA in 1997 to treat nicotine
addiction (under the trade name Zyban®). This
drug can help to reduce nicotine withdrawal
symptoms and the urge to smoke and can be used
safely with nicotine replacement products (9, 12).
Several side effects are associated with this
product. Discuss with your doctor if this medicine
is right for you.

73
Handling Withdrawal
cravings and withdrawal symptoms?**-- Varenicline, a prescription medicine marketed as
Chantix®, was approved by the FDA in 2006 to help
cigarette smokers stop smoking. This drug may
help those who wish to quit by easing their
nicotine cravings and by blocking the pleasurable
effects of nicotine if they do resume smoking.
Several side effects are associated with this
product. Discuss with your doctor if this medicine
is right for you.

74
Handling Withdrawal
**Are there alternative methods to help people quit
smoking?**Some people claim that alternative approaches
such as hypnosis, acupuncture, acupressure, laser
therapy (laser stimulation of acupuncture points
on the body), or electrostimulation may help
reduce the symptoms associated with nicotine
withdrawal. However, in clinical studies these
alternative therapies have not been found to help
people quit smoking. There is no evidence that
alternative approaches help smokers who are
trying to quit.

75
Handling Withdrawal
**How can I get help quitting tobacco?**
NCI and other agencies and organizations can help
smokers quit:
Go online to Smokefree.gov
(http://www.smokefree.gov), a Web site created
by NCI’s Tobacco Control Research Branch, and use
the Step-by-Step Quit Guide.

76
Handling Withdrawal
**How can I get help quitting tobacco?**
Call NCI’s Smoking Quitline at 1–877–44U–QUIT
(1–877–448–7848) for individualized counseling,
printed information, and referrals to other sources.
Refer to the NCI fact sheet Where To Get Help
When You Decide To Quit Smoking, which is
available at on the Internet.

After quitting

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